Lesson 17 Always young
【New words and expressions】
appear v. 登场，扮演
stage n. 舞台
bright adj. 鲜艳的
stocking n. （女用）长筒袜(棉的, 绒的, 并不是现在的丝袜)
sock n. 短袜
★appear v. 登场, 扮演
① vi. 出现，显露（反义词是disappear）
The plane appeared.
The plane disappeared.
② vi. 当众露面；登场（演出等）
The actor appeared.
I can’t appear in this dress at the party.
appear as 扮演……角色
He appeared as a prince. (prince n. 王子)
appear on the stage as… (扮演的确切表达)
My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl.
③ vi. 似乎，看起来好象（与em同义），显得(系动词，后面直接加形容词)
He appears nervous. 他显得很紧张(看起来)
She appears to know you.
Now it appears you are wrong.
★stage n. 舞台
on the stage 在舞台上
in the stage 在某一阶段(时期)
★bright adj. 鲜艳的
bright red 鲜红色；
bright yellow 明黄色；
bright blue 宝蓝色
【Text】
My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of venteen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
参考译文
我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员, 她至少也有35岁了. 尽管如此, 她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘. 詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出. 这一次, 她将扮演一个17岁的少女. 演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜. 去年在演另一个剧时, 她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服. 一旦有人问起她有多大年纪, 她总是回答 : “亲爱的, 长成大人真可怕啊!”
【课文讲解】
1、My aunt Jennifer is an actress.
以-ess结尾的是女性；以-or、-er结尾的是男性
actor 男演员 ； actress 女演员 :
waiter 男服务员 ； waitress 女服务员
prince 王子 ； princess 公主
lion 公狮子 ； lioness 母狮子
doctor 男医生 ； woman doctor 女医生
god 神 ； goddess 女神 (God 上帝,注意 “G” 大写)
2、She must be at least thirty-five years old.
年龄的两种表示方法：
① 数字+years old，作表语
thirty-five years old 三十五岁
② 数字+-year-old，作定语
my four-year-old daughter
must + 动词原形 不得不, 必须；(对现在的)推测
You must do you homework now.
She must be a model.
at least 至少, 最少
at most 最多
She must be at most fifteen years old. 她最多十五岁
She must be at least fifteen years old. 她至少十五岁
3、In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
in spite of 不管，尽管 (“of” 为介词, 后面一定会加名词、代词或从句)
in spite of this 尽管如此
In spite of this, I still like school.
（school前不加“the”表示上学，加“the”只表示学校）
4、Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.
take part in 参加某一种活动
take part in the race 参加比赛
take part in a play
take part in the party
join 参加了某一种团体
join sb./sth.
join the army 参军
join the party 入党
join us (口语)加入我们(这个团体)中来
attend 出席
attend the meeting 参加会议, 出席会议
attend the party 出席宴会
attend the class 上课
5、This time, she will be a girl of venteen.
两种年龄的表达：
She is eighteen years old.
She is a girl of eighteen.
6、In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
in (+颜色、衣服) 穿着……样的衣服，用介词短语取代动词，避免了一句话中出现两个动词
in a bright red dress 鲜红色的连衣裙
7、If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, 'Darling, it must be terrib
le to be grown up!'
ever = at any time 任何时候(时间副词)
it must be 一定……(表示推测)
grown-up adj. 成年人
be grown-up 作为一个成年人
grow up (人)成长
当有人问你年龄时，你可以这样回答：
It is a cret. / It is privacy.
I forget it.
【语法】
情态助动词must
must的用法； must+原形
must译为“必须”，可以表示“必要，命令或强制，邀请，决心，不可推卸的责任”等多处含义
have to 不得不，必须
注意：have to(have got to)强调客观的要求或外在的原因，must则强调主观的要求或表示说话的人认为自己有权做某事；must没有时态和人称变化，通常只用于现在时和将来时，在过去时的句子中，要用have to来表示“必须”，have to可以有任意时态
I have to look after the baby.
我得照管这孩子。（因为客观原因）
I must e the boss.
我必须见老板。（主观要求）
They must leave (tomorrow).
他们（明天）必须出发。
They had to leave.
他们（当时）不得不出发。（过去时中用 have to 代替）
（2）have to和 have got to往往可以互换：
I have to/have got to leave home every morning at 7:30.
我每天早上7点半就得离开家。
但是，与always，sometimes 等频度副词连用时，用have to往往比用have got to好：
I often have to get up at 5. Do you ever have to get up at 5?
我经常5点就得起床。你有时候也得5点起床吗？
have got to比have to听上去要更加口语化一些：
(3）must还可以用来表示推测：
He must be at home now.
他现在肯定在家。
【拓展】
As的用法
① 作为介词，可以表示“作为”、“以……身份”等
In this film, he appeared as a policeman.
② 作为连词，可以表示“因为”、“正当……时候”、“以……方式”或“如同……那样”等
You must take care of the baby tomorrow as I am going to London.（因为，由于）
As we were talking about him, he knocked at the door.（正当……时候）
Do as you are told. 叫你怎么做就怎么做(按你被告知的那样去做)（以……方式）
As I learned, … （如同……那样）
③ “担任……工作”
I work as an engineer.
Dress, Suit, Costume
dress n. 裙子，晚礼服，连衣裙(女式)
suit n. 套装（男式）
My brother never wears ready-made suits. 我的弟弟从来不穿成衣。
costume n. 演出服,民族服装,某一年代所穿的服装
All the actors wore fifteenth-century costumes. 所有演员都穿着15世纪的服装。
Grow and Grow up
grow vi. 生长，成长，发育
Trees of the kind don’t grow in our country.
