自考《外贸函电》第五课至第九课复习重点

更新时间:2023-05-11 03:44:20 阅读: 评论:0

询价和报盘:
  1.description of an article/name of commodity
  意思是商品名称。在商业书信中,我们常常可以看到许多表⽰商品或货物的词汇,如:commodity, goods, article,merchandi, cargo, material, item, product, supply, order 等。
  下⾯简单介绍⼀下这些词汇的⽤法:
  commodity是⽐较正式的⽤语,通常指较⼤范围的商品,尤其指⼀个国家的主要商品。Commodity是可数名词。
  goods不是指⼀件商品,⽽是统指货物。Goods永远是复数形式,不能与数词连⽤。
  Merchandi 也是泛指商品,不特指某⼀商品,但没有复数形式,前⾯也不可加不定冠词。
  article 作商品解时,常常指⼀种商品,⽽不是指⼀类商品,同⼀种商品⽽有不同规格,商品编货号,常⽤此词,如在课⽂中。
  Cargo = goods carried in a ship.即船上所载的货物。如:The steamer sailed with full cargo.该轮满载
起航。注意这⾥不能⽤goods 代替cargo.说与装运有关的货物时也可以⽤cargo,但不如goods普通。如:We expect to ship the goods (可⽤cargo) in a few days. 如果不是在船上的货物,⼜跟装运没有关系的货物,不能⽤cargo,如:As soon as the goods (不能⽤cargo) are available, we will call you.
  material ⼀般指作原料⽤的商品。
  item 名词item本义是“项⽬”,但在商业函件中常⽤来代表前⾯提到的货物,如:We note your are interested in walnut meat but regret to advi that this item is not available at prent. 尤其在介绍⽬录中的商品项⽬时常⽤此词,如:You can buy the items through the catalogue. 你能从⽬录中买到这些项⽬。product 指产品。supply 和order的⽤法,在第⼆课精讲中讲过。
  2.⽀付
  terms of payment ⽀付条件。
  外贸中常⽤的⽀付⽅式有3种:
  (1) Remittance: Mail Transfer (M/T), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T),Demand Draft (D/D)
  (2) Documentary Collection: a. Documents against payment (D/P): Documents against payment at sight (D/P sight), Documents against payment after sight (D/P after sight) b. Documents against acceptance (D/A)
  (3) L/C:信⽤证是可数普通名词,单数为(a)letter of credit,复数为 letters of credit;但在商业书信中常作⼤写,单数为(a)Letter of Credit,复数为 Letters of Credit;且常⽤⼤写缩写,单数为(an)L/C,复数为Ls/C.此外,商业书信有时也⽤credit⼀个词表⽰信⽤证,复数为credits. 开⽴信⽤证,最普通的是open an L/C,⽐较正式的说法是establish an L/C,从银⾏的⾓度可以说issue an L/C.改证是 amend an L/C.展证是extend an L/C.
  关于信⽤证的常⽤词组:
  即期信⽤证:letter of credit available by draft at sight, letter of credit payable against draft at sight, letter of credit available by sight draft, letter of credit payable against sight draft, sight L/C (在商业书信中常⽤);
  远期信⽤证: usance L/C, time L/C, term L/C. 注意:见票后多少天⽀付的说法很多,常见的有: L/C available by draft at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days after sight
见票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days 见票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days 见票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days 见票后30天付款。
  其他: confirmed L/C 保兑信⽤证,irrevocable L/C 不可撤消信⽤证,documentary L/C 跟单信⽤证,transferable and divisible L/C 可转让与可分割信⽤证,revolving L/C 循环信⽤证,back to back L/C 背对背信⽤证,reciprocal L/C 对开信⽤证。
  另外,当数量条款定有溢短装条款时,付款条件中也应有所反映:
  Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight. The L/C should include a clau 5% more or less for both the quantity and the amount allowed.保兑的、不可撤销的信⽤证付款。信⽤证必须包括装货数量和总值都有5%溢短的条款。
  Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C, allowing 5% more or less both in amount and in quantity.保兑的、不可撤销的信⽤证,数量和总值均允许5%溢短。
  此外,付款条件的替代⽤法很多:
  Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable at sight against prentation of shipping documents in China. 保兑的、不可撤销的信⽤证,凭装运单据在中国即期⽀付。
  Payment (payment has to be made by): By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight which should reach us at least one month before the shipping date, and should remain valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the date of shipment. 保兑的、不可撤销的信⽤证,⾄迟应在装运期前⼀个⽉开达我⽅,在中国⽀付,信⽤证有效期⾄装运期后15天⽌。
  For payment, plea arrange for an irrevocable letter of credit, valid until June 30, to be opened in our favour with the ABC Bank.关于付款,请安排由ABC银⾏开⽴以我⽅为受益⼈,有效期⾄6⽉30⽇截⽌的不可撤销的信⽤证。
  Payment should be made under an irrevocable letter of credit which is to be opened in our favour within a week after the date of your order.付款条件,在你⽅定货后⼀个星期内开⽴以我⽅为受益⼈的,不可撤销的信⽤证。
  3. 价格
  合同中的价格条款包括单价(price)和总值(amount)。表⽰单价⽤介词at.
  合同中的单价条款包括4个部分:计价货币、计量单位、贸易术语、单位价格⾦额。报价时,这4个部分⼀定要完整,缺⼀不可。
  凡价格中不包括佣⾦或折扣的,即是净价。有时为了明确说明成交的价格是净价,在价格术语后可加注“净价”(NET)字样。例如:US$ 35 per dozen F.O.B net Shanghai 每打F.O.B.净价上海35美元。
  4. Subject to:
  subject to……视……⽽定,以……为条件。如:
  This offer is subject to your reply being received by September 1.本盘9⽉1⽇前复到有效。
  This offer is subject to prior sale.本盘以先卖为准。
  This offer is subject to the goods being unsold.本盘以货物未售出为准。
  5. To be in a position to
  to be in a position to 表⽰能够,是外贸书信中常⽤的成语,与can和to be able to是同义词。
  6. To be desirous
  to be desirous表⽰渴望。可以接不定式短语:We are desirous to establish… ;也可以加of接动名词:
We are desirous of establishing trade relations with you.
  7. By return
  by return表⽰⽴即,收信后⽴即回信,是书信中常见的成语,只是这成语有点陈旧。
  还盘:
  1. usual terms
  usual terms 表⽰按惯常条款。
  除了课⽂中的⽤法“offering us 50 long tons of the captioned goods at Stg. 235 per long ton CFR Shanghai, usual terms 按惯常条款给我⽅50长吨标题货物报盘”。
  也可以⽤terms as usual 代替usual terms,⽤on, according to, under 代替逗号。
  如: ……, offering us 50 long tons of the captioned goods at Stg. 235 per long ton CFR Shanghai on (according to,under ) usual terms (terms as usual)。 ……,按惯常条款给我⽅50长吨标题货物报盘。
  2. 因价格⾼⽽不能接受报盘
  ……our end-urs here find your price too high and out of line with the prevailing market level.……我⽅⽤户认为你⽅价格过⾼,与现⾏市场⾏情不⼀致。
  在谈到价格⾼低时,可以⽤price,也可以⽤quotation.如:We find your quotation too high to be acceptable.
  Prevailing的意思是“流⾏的”,level的本义是⽔平,常常被引申为价格(⽔平)。
  如:Business is hopeful if your reduce your level. 如果你⽅能够降低价格,成交有望。
  ⼜⽐如:to ll something at your level. 按你⽅价格出售某物。
  或to ll something at our level. 按我⽅价格出售某物。
  prevailing market level 是指现⾏⾏市。
  out of line with……表⽰“与……不相符合”。
  out of line with the prevailing market level是指与现⾏⾏市不相符合。
  类似⽤法:
  Your counteroffer is not up to the prent market level.你⽅的还价不符合现⾏的市场⽔平。
  Your price is not on a level with the current market.你⽅价格与当前的市场⽔平不相吻合。
  Your counteroffer is not at all in keeping with the current rate.你⽅还价不符合现⾏的价格⽔平。
  注意,与……不相符合是out of line with ………,⽽要说与………相符合则是 in line with ……
  如: While our price is in line with the prevailing international market rate, we are not in a position to consider any concession in our price, much to our regret.我们所报的价格完全符合当前国际市场⾏情,歉难在价格上作任何折让。
  另⼀种常见的表达法为in compliance with…………。
  如:Our quotation is in compliance with the prent level. 我们所报价格符合当前市场⽔平。
  3. reply 和answer:
  reply 和answer这两个词都是既可以作名词,⼜可以作动词。
  在商业函电中,常⽤reply,不常⽤answer.
  作为名词 answer和 reply 都接介词to,如:an answer to a letter, a reply to a letter.
  作为动词,answer既可以⽤作及物动词,⼜可以⽤作不及物动词。因此,to answer a letter 和 to answer to a letter都可以说,当然前者⽐较普遍。
  Reply⽤作“答复”解释时,只可以作为不及物动词⽤。因此,可以说to reply to a letter,不可以说reply a letter.
  谢绝还盘:
  1. On the high side
  谈论价格⾼到什么程度:
  Your price is a bit high. 你⽅价格有点⾼。
  Your price is on the high side. 你⽅价格偏⾼。
  Your price is excessive. 你⽅价格过⾼。
  Your price is rather high. 你⽅价格相当⾼。
  Your price is too high. 你⽅价格太⾼。
  Your price is prohibitive. 你⽅价格⾼得令⼈望⽽却步。
  Your price is high. 你⽅价格⾼。
  这是说价格⾼,⽽价格低可以说:
  Your price is low. 你⽅价格低。
  Your price is on the low side. 你⽅价格偏低。
  Your price is too low. 你⽅价格太低。
  我们还常说:
  Your price is competitive. 你⽅价格有竞争⼒。
  Your price is acceptable. 你⽅价格可接受。Your price is reasonable. 你⽅价格是合理的。
  Your price is attractive. 你⽅价格有吸引⼒。
  Your price is unreasonable. 你⽅价格不合理。
  Your price is unworkable. 你⽅价格做不开。
  Your price is impracticable. 你⽅价格不可⾏。
  Your price is infeasible. 你⽅价格⾏不通。
  Your price is realistic. 你⽅价格不现实。
  在这种情况下,既可以指价格⾼,⼜可以价格低,需要视情况⽽定。⼀般说,出⾃买⽅之⼝指⾼,卖⽅之⼝指低。
  2. To the extent: to the extent表⽰到达这样的程度。
  3. For your information: for your information=for your reference 是供你⽅参考的意思。但如果遇到严肃的事,就不宜⽤这⼀短语。
  4. See our way clear: e our way clear 是设法的意思,clear在这⾥可以⽤,也可以省略。
  5. keep us posted (informed, advid) of developments at your end:意思是:请随时告知你处情况的发展(变化)。除了⽤at the end,还可以⽤:类似⽤法还有:in your place; in your region; in your area; on your side; in your market; in your city;等等。
  确认定货与谢绝定货:
  1. reduce & reduction: reduce 是动词,reduction 是名词,后⾯接介词in,意思是减低、减少。减价还可以⽤cut.如:In order to clo this deal we shall further reduce (cut) our price. We have made 8% reduction in our price. 另外,减到某⼀程度⽤bring down to,如:We bring down our price to the level you indicated in your letter of August 5. 略减⽤shade,如:We shade our price.
  2. Referring to: referring to =with reference to 意思是关于,是商业书信中常⽤的短语,尤其在⼀封信的开⾸句⾥。

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