第一章定语从句
第1讲关系词的选择技巧
考点1.相关概念
A.主句、从句、关系词
This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.
主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中This is the boy是主句。)
定语从句：修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句。 (例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。)
先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中the boy是先行词。)
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)
B.关系代词
I指人时可以用who, 也可用that
Do you know the boy who/ that is my desk mate?
The man who/ that was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle.
II指物时可以用which, 也可用that
I like visiting places which/ that are not far away.
How do you like the film which/ that was shown last Sunday?
IIIwho可以指人也可以指物
He was a painter who pictures were not well-known in his life time.
The tree who leaves are red was planted last year.
IV关系代词作宾语时可以省略
I like the meal that/ which / ( ) we had last night.
Do you know the boy who/ whom /that/( ) we talked about just now? 注：（）表示关系代词省略
C.关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。
1We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better.
2He has reached the point where a change is needed.
3That is no reason why you should leave.
4This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)
练习1.用合适的关系词完成句子
1.The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.
2.The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith.
3.A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
4.I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the a.
5.A letter ______ /_____ is written in pencil is hard to read.
6.The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
7.That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ / ______ you are looking for.
8.Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting？
9.This is the school ______ I ud to study.
10.I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.
练习2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词
主 句： ___ 定语从句:（ ）
先行词： 关系词：
例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).
1.The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.
2.Have you bought the book which we talked about？
3.I still remember the day which we spent together last week.
4.He still lives in the hou who windows face south.
5.The boy who father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.
6.The girl who you met was John’s sister.
7.There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.
8.They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.
9.The days were gone when we had to travel on hors.
10.Is this the hospital where you were born?
考点2.关系词的三个作用
A.作定语从句的一个句子成分
B.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 15考点5）
C.指代先行词的意思
He works in a factory, which is not far from his home.
本句中，关系词是which，在定语从句中作主语，指代先行词factory的意思，起着连接两个分句的作用。
考点3.关系词的选择技巧
A.选用关系词的方法：一找、二还、三提问
I找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分（关系词划分在从句里面），再找出先行词和关系词。
II还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话（可以添词）。
III提问：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分。实际上就是对定语从句中添加部分进行提问。对主语和宾语提问，要用代词；对状语提问要用副词。时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why。关系词是who/whom和which时也可用that
例如：
应用举例：
1This is the school ______ I once studied.
一找： This is the school (______ I once studied).
二还：先行词是the school，由于关系词指代先行词的意思，所以横线上词的词义是“那个学校”。把定语从句“那个学校I once studied”恢复成完整的一句话为：
I once studied at the school.
三提问：添加的at the school在从句中作地点状语，要用where来提问，因此这里要填关系副词where。
2This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.
一找：
This is the school (______ is the most famous in the city).
二还：先行词是the school，由于关系词指代先行词的意思，所以横线上词的词义是“那个
学校”。把定语从句“那个学校is the most famous in the city”恢复成完整的一句话为：The school is the most famous in the city.
