中华豪门—为何古代建筑用青砖而不用红砖？
本期编辑/上海雅舍辛乙堂
Yashe Studio
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“白墙黛瓦春使然，青砖拈花香犹在”，这是古代建筑的真实写照，青砖绿瓦四个字足以体现古代建筑的特点。我们至今都还能看到千年前留下的古城墙，经过岁月的淘洗，那些青砖城墙显得十分古朴，让我们能感受到其中的文化韵味。
"White walls and black tiles are spring, and the fragrance of green bricks and flowers is still there", which is a true portrayal of ancient architecture. The four words "green bricks and green tiles" are enough to reflect the characteristics of ancient architecture.
而同时另一点让我们惊叹不已的是古代的烧砖技术。不仅仅是古城墙，有不少历朝历代的古建筑都保存了下来，而建造它们的主体就是这青砖。然而古代明明烧得出红砖，为什么古代建筑使用的大都是青砖呢？
At the same time, another thing that amazes us is the ancient brick burning technology. Not only the ancient city wall, many ancient buildings of all dynasties have been prerved, and the main body of building them is this blue brick.
However, in ancient times, red bricks were obviously burned. Why did most of the ancient buildings u blue bricks?
一、青砖自身的优越性
青砖和红砖相比有什么不同呢？其实青砖的建造工艺比红砖难得多，而且它们的原料也是有差异的。红砖主要是用粘土、页岩以及煤矸石等原料，将它们粉碎后，混合捏成，只要在九百摄氏度的情况下就可以烧制成功。而青砖却不一样，它的原料主要是粘土，而且至少要到一千摄氏度才能成功。
What is the difference between blue brick and red brick? In fact, the construction process of blue bricks is much more difficult than that of red bricks, and their raw materials are also different. Red bricks are mainly made of clay, shale, coal gangue and other raw materials.
别看九百摄氏度和一千摄氏度相比，只是相差一百摄氏度，在古代科技落后的情况下，想要将窑洞里的温度提高一百摄氏度，也不是一件容易的事情。而且青砖和红砖相比，还多了一道工序。
Although the difference between 900 degrees Celsius and 1000 degrees Celsius is only 100 degrees Celsius, it is not easy to rai the temperature of the cave by 100 degrees Celsius under the backward conditions of ancient science and technology. And compared with red bricks, there is one more process.
红砖是用大火烧制成功后，等熄火了自然冷却，因为窑洞里空气流通，氧气比较充足，所以红砖里面的铁元素得到充分的氧化，最终就形成了我们看到的红色。而青砖却并非这样，等到砖坯烧透后，会直接往窑洞里淋水。
The red bricks are naturally cooled after the fire is extinguished. Becau the air in the cave is circulated and the oxygen is sufficient, the iron element in the red bricks is fully oxidized and finally forms the red color we e. However, the blue bricks are not like this.
因为窑洞里的温度很高，淋进去的水很快变成了水蒸气，这样一来就阻隔了空气流通，不利于青砖里面的铁氧化。而在缺氧的情况下，砖块里面的三氧化二铁最终还原成了氧化亚铁，所以最终成了我们看到的青色。
Becau the temperature in the cave is very high, the water drenched into the cave quickly turns into water vapor, which blocks the air circulation and is not conducive to the oxidation of iron in the blue bricks. In the abnce of oxygen, the iron oxide in the brick is finally reduced to ferrous oxide, so it finally becomes the cyan color we e.
青砖因为这多出来的一道工序，使得它有很好的耐风化，耐水特点。所以每当我们到旅游景点观赏那些古代建筑物时，都能看到用青砖造成的房屋，它们历经千年的风雨侵蚀，却能依然屹立在我们面前，这足以展示青砖的优越性。
Becau of this extra process, blue brick has good weathering and water resistance. Therefore, whenever we go to the tourist attractions to e tho ancient buildings, we can e the hous made of blue bricks. They can still stand in front of us after thousands of years of wind and rain.
青砖不仅仅是抗风化和抗水能力强，它还十分坚硬，是古代防御的好材料，这也是为什么我们看到的古城墙几乎都是青砖所造。
Blue brick is not only strong in weathering and water resistance, but also very hard. It is a good material for ancient defen. This is why almost all the ancient city walls we e are made of blue brick.
二、阴阳五行的影响
在先秦时期，阴阳五行说便十分盛行，而后在历代发展下，还逐渐衍生出了风水之类的学说，而这也影响了古人对青砖的喜爱。
In the pre Qin period, the theory of Yin-Yang and five elements was very popular, and then under the development of the past dynasties, the theory of geomancy and other theories gradually emerged, which also affected the ancients' love for blue bricks.
在阴阳五行的理论里，青色是属于水的，而红色是属于火。在中国人的心中，水是最高尚的美德。老子曾经在《道德经》中说：“上善若水，水利万物而不争”，所以人们很容易便
接受将青砖作为自己的住在材料。
In the theory of Yin Yang and five elements, cyan belongs to water, while red belongs to fire. In the hearts of the Chine people, water is the most noble virtue. Lao Tzu once said in the Tao Te Ching that "the highest good is like water.
按照阴阳五行来划分，秦朝属于水，所以当时的社会上的风格便是尚黑，而大秦帝国因此也使用了各种青砖来作建筑物。这些建筑物看上去非常的庄严壮观。后来便有了一个词，叫做秦砖汉瓦，意思就是说秦朝的砖和汉朝的瓦是最好的。所以，慢慢的青砖便逐渐流行了起来。
According to the Yin-Yang and five elements, the Qin Dynasty belonged to water, so the social style at that time was black, and the Qin Empire also ud various blue bricks for buildings. The buildings look very magnificent.
同时，在阴阳五行里，火主心，一般说心火，就是指人们心里的火气大了，心里有了烦恼。可见这火不是个好东西。而红色自然也就不会被古人选作为房屋住宅的颜色。五行相生相克，其中水刚好克火，而代表水的青色自然就更容易受到人们的喜爱。
At the same time, in the five elements of yin and Yang, fire dominates the heart. Generally speaking, heart fire refers to people's anger and worry. It can be en that the fire is not a good thing. And red will not be chon as the color of hous and hous by the ancients.
