被動語態：基本形式：be動詞＋pp
(pp部分不變，只要把be動詞改成各種時式即可。)
一、被動語態的8種型態
簡單式：
1.現在式：am, is, ar e＋pp
2.過去式：was, wer e＋pp
3.未來式：will, shal l＋be＋pp
進行式：
4.現在進行式：am, is, ar e＋being＋pp
5.過去進行式：was, were＋being＋pp
完成式：
6.現在完成式：have, ha s＋been＋pp
7.過去完成式：ha d＋been＋pp
8.未來完成式：will, shal l＋have＋been＋pp
二、主動語態和被動語態互換之基本句型：
主動改被動：
主動：主詞＋動詞＋受詞＋…
被動：主詞(主動之受詞)＋be動詞＋P.P＋by＋受詞(主動之主詞)＋…
被動改主動：
被動：主詞＋be動詞＋P.P＋by＋受詞＋…
主動：主詞(被動中by之後的受詞)＋動詞＋受詞(被動中之主詞)
(1) 現在式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用am, is, are。
1. He studies English every day.
→English is studied by him every day.
2. He eats a lot of vegetables every meal.
→A lot of vegetables are eaten by him every meal.
3. We call him John. (受詞是him, John只是受詞補語而已。)
→He is called John by us.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉am, is, are外，要將P.P.改為現在式動詞，並
且要注意主詞如為第三人稱單數時，在動詞字尾必須加s，es，或去掉y在加ies。
1. TV is watched by him every night.
→He watches TV every night.
2. The floor is swept by him every morning.
→He sweeps the floor every morning.
Exerci: (主動和被動互換)
1. We read English every day.
→_____________________________________________________________ 2. He drinks eight bottles of water every day.
→_____________________________________________________________ 3. We are taught by him this year.
→_____________________________________________________________ 4. He is driven to school by his father every morning.
→____________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. English is read by us every day.
2. Eight bottles of water are drunk by him every day.
3. He teaches us this year.
4. His father drives him to school every morning.
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用was或were。
1. He did his homework last night.
→His homework was done by him last night.
2. Mother made some cookies yesterday.
→Some cookies were made by Mother yesterday.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉was, were外，要將P.P.改為過去式動詞。
1. Some letters were written by him.
→He wrote some letters.
2. I was brought up by my grandmother.
→My grandmother brought me up. (up是介副詞，人稱代名詞的受詞要放在
它的前面。)
Exerci: (主動和被動互換)
1. The earthquake brought a lot of damage to this area.
→__________________________________________________________________ 2. They bought a new hou.
→
3. The hou was sold to Mr. White by us.
→__________________________________________________________________ 4. The work was finished by him yesterday.
→__________________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. A lot of damage was brought to this area by the earthquake.
2. A new hou was bought by them.
3. We sold the hou to Mr. White.
4. He finished the work yesterday.
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱，選用will或shall。
1. I shall learn a new language next mester.
→A new language will be learned by me next mester.
2. He will teach us next year..
→We shall be taught by him next year.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉原形be外，並根據新主詞的人稱選用shall, will
外，必須將P.P.改為原形動詞。
1. The meeting will be held by us next week.
→We shall hold the meeting next week.
2. Some refreshments will be brought by him in a few minutes.
→He will bring some refreshments in a few minutes.
3. The baby will be called Helen by them.
→They will call the baby Helen.
Exerci: (主動和被動互換)
1. We shall call on him tomorrow.
→______________________________________________________________ 2. He will visit us tonight.
→______________________________________________________________ 3. We shall be punished by our teacher soon.
→______________________________________________________________ 4. The homework will be finished by us in a few minutes.
→______________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. He will be called on by us tomorrow.
2. We shall be visited by him tonight.
3. Our teacher will punish us soon.
4. We shall finish the homework in a few minutes.
(4) 現在進行式的被動語態和主動語態互換：
(a) 主動改為被動時，要依據被動語態的主詞之人稱與數，選用am, is, are。
1. They are eating dinner now.
→Dinner is being eaten by them now.
2. He is writing some letters at prent.
→Some letters are being written by him at prent.
(b) 被動改為主動時，除了去掉being外，並根據新主詞的人稱選用am, is, are
外，必須將P.P.改為現在分詞。
1. My hands are being washed by me now.
→I am washing my hands now.
2. Some new words are being spelled on the blackboard by our teacher now.
→Our teacher is spelling some new words on the blackboard now.
Exerci: (主動和被動互換)
1. He is buying some food.
→____________________________________________________________
2. I am putting off my jacket.
→____________________________________________________________
3. The bread is being baked in the oven by me now.
→____________________________________________________________
4. The shoes are being shined by him.
→____________________________________________________________
Answer:
1. Some food is being bought by him.
2. My jacket is being put off by me.
3. I am baking the bread in the oven now.
4. He is shining the shoes.
