【导语】当你孤独时，风⼉就是我的歌声，愿它能使你得到⽚刻的安慰；当你骄傲时，⾬点就是我的警钟，愿它能使你获得永恒的谦逊。以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语翻译结构译法技巧【⼋篇】》供您查阅。
【篇⼀：分割结构】
语法关系密切的两个句⼦成分被其他句⼦成分分隔的现象称为分割结构。英语中，分割结构的类型是多种多样的。例如，英语句⼦的主语和谓语⼀般都紧密相联，它们之间很少插⼊介词等⽐较长的结构。但是，在有些情况下，或是为了保持句⼦的平衡，避免头重脚轻，或是为了语义严密，结构紧凑，在主语和谓语之间有时也会插⼊其他成分。此外，还有定语(或定语从句)与其中⼼词被分隔；某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔；动词与其宾语被分隔；介词与其宾语被分隔等等。总之，英语的分割应遵循尾重原则(应把长⽽复杂的成分放在句末，使结构匀称)和句尾信息焦点原则(把新信息，即语意重点放在句末)。同时，在阅读时要注意找出原来属于⼀个整体部分的意义。
1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner’s spell.
分析：本句的主⼲结构是：Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner’s spell. Turner 是美国历史学家。under a spell：被迷住，着迷。writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered wom
en in the West, when they considered women at all 修饰主语，起分割主谓的作⽤。⽽其中的状语从句when they considered women at all 是定语从句who considered women in the West中的状语成分。
译⽂：从本世纪初到本世纪中叶从事写作的⼩说家和历史学家只要描写妇⼥，就会描述西部妇⼥，⽽且都被特纳迷住。
2. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromi and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed.
分析：本句的主⼲结构是：…there were negotiations and…threats of failure。“overcome by…”是过去分词短语，修饰threats of failure。stubborn determination 和其定语动词不定式“to succeed”被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination”分割。
译⽂：在最后的⼋年⾥，进⾏了艰苦卓绝的、⼏乎是不间断的谈判，其间屡经失败之虞，但最终通过创造性的协调和要取得成功的顽强决⼼——确实有⼈称之为前所未有的决⼼——⽽渡过难关，取得了胜利。
3. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may ri from the lowest to the highest position.
分析：the claim 和其同位语 that in their country a man may ri from the lowest to the highest position 被 the claim 的定语从句that Americans often made 分割。同位语从句在翻译时可按照顺序翻译，将其翻译为分句。
4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.
分析：in trying to solve插在 the problem 和定语从句which…之间，起到承上启下的作⽤。of both bourgeois economists
and social critics为investigations 的后置定语，起到分割作⽤。
译⽂：由于剩余价值的发现，使问题明朗化了。⽽先前，⽆论资产阶级经济学家还是社会批评家所从事的⼀切研究都只是在⿊暗中摸索。
5. A better knowledge of China’s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fab
ulously described.
分析：lay open 和 an empire of learning 被介词短语 to us 分割。本句选⾃英国前⾸相撒切尔夫⼈1982年在中国欢迎宴会上的讲话。翻译时要注意转译的应⽤。如把“better”译为副词“更好地”。
译⽂：更好地了解中国的⽂明，将为我们打开⼀个知识的王国，对这个王国迄今只有神话般的描述。
6. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States—a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.
分析：insistence 后接upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States, 中间被插⼊语as a first consideration 分割，做进⼀步说明。该句选⾃美国前总统罗斯福在1933年的就职演说。汉语中动词⽤得较多，翻译时可把名词转译为动词。
7. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy—both of which are esntial in turning out and throwing away—and ntiment.
分析：该句包含了并列结构被分割的情况。lack of physical and mental energy和ntiment 是并列结
构，作two other reasons的同位语。但是被⾮限定性定语从句both of which are esntial in turning out and throwing away分割。
译⽂：⼈们随着⽇趋年迈，积存物品还有其他两个原因：⼀是缺乏体⼒和精神，两者在清理和扔掉⽆⽤之物时不可或缺，⼆是感情上的原因。
8. Tho who believe in capital punishment may have arguments for its retention, but surely no reasonable argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accompanies it from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what looks like a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial rvice over the condemned man before he is dead.
分析：这是⼀个由but引导的并列句。前⼀分句较简单，who引导的从句作tho 的定语，but 后的从句较复杂，从句套从句，for retention…dead是argument的定语。因为它⽐较长，所以把谓语动词can be found放在它和argument之间，形成分割结构。该句较长，可以分为三层：第⼀层是tho…retention，第⼆层是but…mumbo-jumbo，第三层是that accompanies…dead。基本上可采⽤顺序法翻译。
译⽂：那些相信死刑的⼈可能有保留死刑的理由，但是肯定找不到合理的论据来保留那令⼈厌恶的繁⽂缛节。这⼀套繁⽂缛节从法官戴上顶在假发上的擦笔布似的⿊帽⼦宣判死刑之时开始，⼀直伴随
到为被判处死刑的⼈在其毙命之前诵读葬礼祷⽂为⽌。
9. The cond aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists u in the work.
分析：这是⼀个很典型的分割结构。主⼲结构是：The cond aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action，application和修饰它的介词短语被⼀个长长的by短语分割。
译⽂：第⼆个⽅⾯是，社会上的⼀切成员，从政府部门中任⼯职的官员到普通公民，都应运⽤科学家们在研究⼯作中所采⽤的专门的思维⽅法和⼯作⽅法。
10.Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old people to be who have nothing el in this life to be fond of.
分析：连词as 引导的⽐较状语从句中，it 代替for two old people to be。to be 后省略了fond of each other。to be 做分割成分。
8. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy—both of which are esntial in turning out and throwing away—and ntiment.
分析：该句包含了并列结构被分割的情况。lack of physical and mental energy和ntiment 是并列结构，作two other reasons的同位语。但是被⾮限定性定语从句both of which are esntial in turning out and throwing away分割。
译⽂：⼈们随着⽇趋年迈，积存物品还有其他两个原因：⼀是缺乏体⼒和精神，两者在清理和扔掉⽆⽤之物时不可或缺，⼆是感情上的原因。
9. Tho who believe in capital punishment may have arguments for its retention, but surely no reasonable argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accompanies it from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what looks like a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial rvice over the condemned man before he is dead.
分析：这是⼀个由but引导的并列句。前⼀分句较简单，who引导的从句作tho 的定语，but 后的从句较复杂，从句套从句，for retention…dead是argument的定语。因为它⽐较长，所以把谓语动词can be found放在它和argument之间，形成分割结构。该句较长，可以分为三层：第⼀层是tho…retention，第⼆层是but…mumbo-jumbo，第三层是that accompanies…dead。基本上可采⽤顺序法翻译。
译⽂：那些相信死刑的⼈可能有保留死刑的理由，但是肯定找不到合理的论据来保留那令⼈厌恶的
繁⽂缛节。这⼀套繁⽂缛节从法官戴上顶在假发上的擦笔布似的⿊帽⼦宣判死刑之时开始，⼀直伴随到为被判处死刑的⼈在其毙命之前诵读葬礼祷⽂为⽌。
10. The cond aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists u in the work.
分析：这是⼀个很典型的分割结构。主⼲结构是：The cond aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action，application和修饰它的介词短语被⼀个长长的by短语分割。
【篇⼆：倒装句】
为了强调句⼦的某些部分，或是为了保持句⼦平衡，英语中常常使⽤倒装。⼤体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和⾮主谓倒装。主谓倒装⾥⼜分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字⾯意思翻译。⾮主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句⼦平衡或是起强调作⽤。翻译时可以采⽤顺序译法或是倒序译法。
1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if
he had grown up under more favorable circumstances。在正式⽂体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。
译⽂：例如，它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明⼀个贫困青年，要是在⽐较有利的境况下长⼤，会有多⼤才⼲。
2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom”generation reached its child-bearing years.
分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。⽤so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。
译⽂：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作⽤——⽽且随着昔⽇在“⽣育⾼峰期”出⽣的⼀代⼈达到⽣育年龄，婴⼉的出⽣数量增加了，这同样起了作⽤。
3. Much as I have traveled, I have never en anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.
分析：该句的Much as I have traveled是⼀个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much，但语⽓要⽐后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。
译⽂：我虽然见多识⼴，但还从未见过⽐她细⼼的⼈，不管什么职业。
4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly.
分析：相信⼤家对这种结构都不陌⽣。Only后加副词、介词、状语从句时要⽤部分倒装。但是要注意的是，如果only修饰的不是状语，则不⽤倒装。
译⽂：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。
5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American arch for spacious living than in the Far West.
分析：当句⾸是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，⼀般要部分倒装。
译⽂：1980年哪⾥的⼈⼝普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能⽣动地说明美国⼈对宽敞的⽣活环境的追求。
6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him.
分析：hardly…when 的结构表⽰“刚…就…”。含有这种结构的句⼦常将 hardly 置于句⾸，⽽采⽤部
分倒装的语序。此外，hardly 分句中⼀般采⽤过去完成时，⽽ when(或 before)分句中使⽤过去时。还有，与 hardly…when…结构类似的⽤法还有 barely (scarcely)…when…
译⽂：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。
7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
分析：such…that 结构可将such或含有such 的词组放在句⾸，使全句采⽤部分倒装。与此⽤法类似的还有so…that结构。
译⽂：她在排演中搞得太过分，以致两名男演员退出不⼲了。
8. Certain it is that all esntial process of plant growth and development occur in water.
分析：本句为表语前置，表⽰强调。正常语序应为：It is certain that…。
译⽂：植物发育⽣长的全部基本过程当然是在⽔中发⽣的。
9. We really should not rent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.
分析：这两句话是为了使上下⽂紧密衔接，从⽽将第⼆个并列分句的表语前置
译⽂：我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋⽽愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋，⽽且还会继续是穷光蛋。
10. Then, down the crowed thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge’s most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen.
分析：正常语序应为：The vehicle came down the thoroughfare。为使语⾔⽣动形象，⽂学作品中常⽤这类倒装。在翻译时要尽量翻译出原句的语⾔效果。这⾥bear=carry。
译⽂：从拥挤的街道上驶来了⼀辆剑桥⼤学最有特⾊的车，车上坐着学校最的⼈物。
