状语从句的翻译

更新时间:2023-05-10 14:30:53 阅读: 评论:0

英语状语从句表示时间原因条件让步目的等等, 英语状语从句用在主句后面的较多, 而汉语的状语从句用在主句前的较多, 因此, 在许多情况下, 应将状语从句放在主句前面下面我们通过一些实例说明它们常用的翻译方法 
一、 时间状语从句
在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词常常有:when(当...的时候),whenever(每当...),as(当...时), since(自从...),until(直到...,如果不....),till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...),the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天), than(一...就),hardly(scarcely)... when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就),the minute(一...就),the cond(一...就),every time(每当...),by the time(等到....的时候)等。
(一)译成相应的时间状语
While she spoke, the tears were running down.
她说话时,泪水直流。
She came in when I was having supper.
我正在吃饭的时候,她进来了。
As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applau.
他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(二)译成一(刚、每)...的结构
I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.
我一安排好就通知你。
Directly he uttered the words there was a dead silence.
他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。
(三)译成条件句
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
如果机器发生故障,就把电门关上。
A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.
若无外力的作用,静止的物体不会移动。
We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
如果没有有关当局的批准,我们不能开始这项工作。
二、原因状语从句
英语中,原因状语从句的连接词常常是:becau(因为),since(既然,由于),as(因为),now that(既然),eing that(既然),considering that(考虑到,因为),in that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鉴于)。
(一)译成表示原因的分句,放在主句之前翻译,显示前因后果的关系。
The crops failed becau the ason was dry.
因为气候干旱,作物歉收。
We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were abnt.
由于很多人没有来,会议只好延期。
(二)有时候可以用汉语的之所以...是因为的结构来连接。
A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.
气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)它没有固定的形状。
He will get promoted, for he has done good work.
他将得到提升,因为他工作干得好。
Theory is valuable becau it can provide a direction for practice.
理论之所以有价值,是因为它能给实践指出方向。
(三)becau的结构
I don’t teach becau teaching is easy for me.
我之所以教书并不是因为教书对我来说太容易
三、条件状语从句
英语中连接条件状语从句的连接词常常有:if(如果),unless(除非,如果不),providing that(假如),so long as(只要),on condition that(条件是),suppo that(假如),in ca(如果),only if(只要),if only(但愿,要是...就好了)等。
(一)翻译在主句前面。
It was better in ca they were captured.
要是把他们捉到了,那就更好了。
If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide.
假如你把一切都告诉我,那么我就能够作出决定。
(二)翻译在主句后面,用来补充说明条件。
You can drive tonight if you are ready.
你今晚就可以出车,如果你愿意的话
No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.
毫无疑问,我本来是可以赚到一点的,如果我真有那样打算的话。
四、让步状语从句
英语中,表示让步关系的连接词常常有:though(虽然),although(虽然),even if(即使),as(尽管),while(尽管),whatever(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),whoever(无论谁),however(无论怎样),no matter(不论,不管),for all that(尽管),granted that(即使),in spite of that fact that(尽管),despite the fact that(不管)等等。
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.
不管我说什么,也不管我怎么说,他说是认为我错了。
While we can not e the air, we can feel it.
我们虽然看不见空气,但却能感觉到它。
Granted that you don’t like the proposal, you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.
即使你不喜欢这个建议,你也不应该没有同别人商量就把它否决了。
五、目的状语从句
在英语中,连接目的状语从句的连接词常常有:that(为了,以便),so that(为了,以便),lest(以防),in ca(以防,以免),for fear that(以防)in order that(为了)等等。
(一)一般翻译在主句前面。
一般来说,这种表示为了的目的状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。
He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.
为了不惊醒她,他轻轻推开房门,悄悄地溜了出去。
We should start early so that we might get there before noon.
为了正午以前赶到那里,我们很早就动身了。
(二)还可以翻译在主句后面,表示省(免)得以免以便使得生怕等概念。
He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.
他反复强调这一点,免得她忘了。
They hid themlves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.
他们躲在树丛后面,以防被敌人发现。
六、结果状语从句
(一)英语中,连接结果状语从句的连词常常有:so that, so...that, hat, to such a degree等等,通常可以翻译为结果,如此...以致于...”,可以直接翻译。
He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
他做了错误的决定,结果浪费了自己半生的时间。
The difference is such that all will perceive it.
差别这么大,所有的人都看得出来。(可以省略连接词而不翻译)
(二)有时候,如果在主句中含有“never, never so, not so, not such”等否定词,“but thatbut what”也可以连接结果状语从句,构成双重否定。翻译的时候,可以翻译为没有...
She never comes but she borrow.
她不借东西不来。(即:他如果不借东西就不来。)
She is not so old but that she can read.
他并没有老到不能读书。
  例1.When the levels reached 6 percent the crew members would become mentally confud, unable to take measures to prerve their lives. 当含量达到6%, 飞船上的人员将会神经错乱, 无法采取保护自己生命的措施。(时间状语从句
 
  例2.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”. (83年考题) 当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 艺术的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。(时间状语从句
 
  例3.When tables and other materials are included, they should be conveniently placed, so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.当书中列有表格或其他参考资料时, 应当将这些内容编排在适当的位置, 以便 使学生在查阅时, 不必翻太多的书页。(时间状语从句
 
  例4.This happens when a fact is discovered which ems to contradict what the “law” would lead one to expect. 每当发现一个事实使人感到与该定律应得出的预期结论相矛盾的时候, 就发生这种情况(时间状语从句
 
  例5.Now since the asssment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ’valid’ or ’fair’ comparison. (92年考题
  既然对智力的评估是比较而言的, 那么我们必须确保, 在对我们的对象进行比 较时, 我们所使用的尺度能提供有效的公平的比较 (原因状语从句  
  例6.The policies open to developing countries are more limited than for industrialized nations becau the proper economies respond less to changing conditions and administrative control. 由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些, 政府对这种经济的控制作 用也小一些, 所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性(原因状语从句  
  例7.For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. (95年考题) 例如, 他们(测试)并不对社会总的不平等作出补偿, 因此, 测试不能告诉我们, 一个社会地位低下的年轻人如果生活在较为优越的条件下, 会有多大的才能(结果状语从句)
 
  例8.It also plays an important role in making the earth more habitable, as warm ocean currents bring milder temperatures to places that would otherwi be quite cold. 由于温暖的洋流能把温暖的气候带给那些本来十分寒冷的地区并使之变暖, 因此, 海洋在使我们这个地球更适合人类居住方面也扮演一个重要的角色(原因状语从句  
  例9.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. (84年考题) 电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要, 而且现在人们认为电是想当然的事, 所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时, 就很少再去想一想电是怎么来的(结果状语从句  
  例10.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. (92年考题) 如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么我们对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素必须是一致的(条件状语从句 )
 
  例11.Although television was developed for broadcasting, many important us have been found that have nothing to do with it. 虽然电视是为了广播而发明的, 但是电视还有许多与广播无关的重要用途(让步状语从句
  例12.Though the cost of the venture would be immen, both in labour and power, many believe that iceberg towing would prove less costly in the long run than the alternative of desalination of a water. 这种冒险的代价, 不管是在人力还是在能源消耗方面, 都将是巨大的然而, 许多人认为, 冰山牵引最终会证明比选择海水脱盐法花费要少(让步状语从句

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