介绍吉他兴趣班英语作文
The guitar is a musical instrument of the chordophone family, being a stringed instrument played by plucking, either with fingers or a pick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid neck to which the strings, generally six in number but sometimes more, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut or, more recently, with either nylon or steel strings. Some modern guitars are made of polycarbonate materials. Guitars are made and repaired by luthiers. There are two primary families of guitars: acoustic and electric.
Acoustic guitars (and similar instruments) with hollow bodies, have been in u for over a thousand years. There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the vibration of the strings, which is amplified by the body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber. The classical guitar is often played as a solo instrument using a comprehensive fingerpicking technique. Electric guita
rs, introduced in the 1930s, rely on an amplifier that can electronically manipulate tone. Early amplified guitars employed a hollow body, but a solid body was found more suitable. Electric guitars have had a continuing profound influence on popular culture. Guitars are recognized as a primary instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, jazz, jota, mariachi, reggae, rock, soul, and many forms of pop.
Before the development of the electric guitar and the u of synthetic materials, a guitar was defined as being an instrument having "a long, fretted neck, flat wooden soundboard, ribs, and a flat back, most often with incurved sides".[1] The term is ud to refer to a number of related instruments that were developed and ud across Europe beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas.[2] The instruments are descended from ones that existed in ancient central Asia and India. For this reason guitars are distantly related to modern instruments from the regions, including the tanbur, the tar, and the sitar. The oldest known iconographic reprentation of an instrument displaying the esntial features of a guitar is a 3,300 year old stone carving of a Hittite bard.[3]
The modern word "guitar" and its predecessors applied to a wide variety of cordophones since ancient times and as such is a cau of confusion. The English word "guitar", the German "gitarre", and the French "guitare", were adopted from the Spanish word guitarra,[4] which comes from the Andalusian Arabic qitara (قيثارة),[5] itlf derived from the Latin of the Roman empire, cithara, which in turn came from the earlier Greek word kithara (κιθάρα),[6] a descendant of Old Persian sihtar ( سی تار) (Tar means string in Persian).[7]
The guitar is descended from the Roman cithara brought by the Romans to Hispania around 40 AD, and further adapted and developed with the arrival of the four-string oud, brought by the Moors after their conquest of Iberia in the 8th century.[8] Elwhere in Europe, the indigenous six-string Scandinavian lut (lute), had gained in popularity in areas of Viking incursions across the continent. Often depicted in carvings c. 800 AD, the Nor hero Gunther (also known as Gunnar), played a lute with his toes as he lay dying in a snake-pit, in the legend of Siegfried.[9] By 1200 AD, the four-string "guitar" had evolved into two types: the guitarra moresca (Moorish guitar), which had a rounded back,
wide fingerboard, and veral soundholes—and the guitarra latina (Latin guitar), which rembled the modern guitar with one soundhole and a narrower neck.[10] In the 14th and 15th centuries the qualifiers "moresca" and "latina" were dropped and the four cour instruments were simply called guitars.[11]
The Spanish vihuela or (in Italian) "viola da mano", a guitar-like instrument of the 15th and 16th centuries, is often considered a major influence in the development of the modern guitar. It had six cours (usually), lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early reprentations reveal an instrument with a sharply-cut waist. It was also larger than the contemporary four cour guitars. By the late 15th century some vihuelas began to be played with a bow, leading to the development of the viol. By the sixteenth century the vihuela's construction had more in common with the modern guitar, with its curved one-piece ribs, than with the viols, and more like a larger version of the contemporary four-cour guitars. The vihuela enjoyed only a short period of popularity in Spain and Italy during an era dominated elwhere in Europe by the lute; the last surviving published music for the instrument appeared in 1576. Meanwhile the five-cours
e baroque guitar, which was documented in Spain from the middle of the 16th century, enjoyed popularity, especially in Spain, Italy and France from the late 16th century to the mid 18th century.[12][13] Confusingly, in Portugal, the word vihuela referred to the guitar, whereas guitarra meant the "Portugue guitar", a variety of cittern.
