The conflicts Between England and Ireland's political, religious and even military , For long and very inten, is facing the UK and the British Commonwealth is almost the biggest problem The problems are not single, independent, but cloly tied with the dispute between this 2 nations religion back grounds ,economic development and history
(1) 18th century The rapid development of the Irish independence movement
The UK’s high-hand political started on OCT 17, 1171. 4000 King Henry II of England rate army incursions into Ireland, the Irish began to become a British colony. And Irishman started their resist. And after the Reformation in the 16th century, the British converted the state religion, but still retain the original Irish Catholic, the conflicts between the Britain and Ireland is gradually increasing.
The late 18th century, the most rious problem is the Irish independence movement. During the American independent War, the Irish Parliament agreed to stationing 12,000 troops in Ireland, drawn 1 / 3 of troops to the American rvice. However, the Irish Protestants, urging the British to nd troops to defend Ireland,. When the petition failed, th
ey began to organize their own volunteers, and with the connt of the British Government. 1778 volunteers began collecting in Ireland, the Irish volunteers to the number 1780 to 4 million people, up to 8 million people in 1781, became Governor in 1792 when the Duke of Portland, the number of Irish volunteers have reached 10 million [1] The purpo of the initial formation of the Irish Volunteers to defend against French invasion, but soon became the elite of Ireland to fight for more rights to the British tools. So when the Irish members of Parliament prent to the Governor, "Only free trade can make from the collap of Ireland, " The faced of failure in the Americas and the UK domestic pressure, in 1779 ~ 1780, the British Government has finally made even better than the Irish leaders would have liked more economic concessions. December 1779, North Government, through a ries of measures: allowing Ireland free export of wool, glass wool and mechanisms, and to allow the Irish and the American colonies free trade [2]
But Irish people are not satisfied with the results achieved. In 1782, volunteers on behalf of the Congress and pasd the final resolution: "Only the King, the Irish Hou of Lords
and the Hou has the power to make laws to bind the Kingdom. In addition, the rest, nothing is unconstitutional, is illegal and therefore also Cur." [2] They demanded: 1. to establish an independent Irish parliament; 2. completely free trade; 3. Justice of Ireland by the Irish parliamentary control. [3] But the requirements have not been fully accepted
During the French Revolutions, the further development of the Irish independence movement, and brought rious conquences to the Irish.
When the news of French Revolution reached to Ireland, sparking a wave of Irish people against England, Ireland, from the French Revolution saw the hope and muster for freedom, independence courage. During the French Revolution, many Irish people sympathetic to the French Revolution. In the period 1791 ~ 1793, Ireland there is a general atmosphere of optimism. In Dublin and Belfast widely held in a variety of celebration activities.
Leading the Irish people struggle against is the British Irish Association. 1793, revolutionary France declared war on Britain. French Commitment that they could help Iri
sh to overthrow their rulers. So we decided to u the Federation of Ireland's commitment to France, began planning the uprising. However, the Irish have no powerful army, nor a unified command structure. 1798, Irish Catholics and Protestants actually slip into a war between Christians. Becau of its plans by the government found that they go underground activities.
British government suppresd the riots were declared an illegal organization Federation of Ireland, and began mass arrests in the country. In 1796 the Irish Parliament pasd a tough law to punish rebellion, Act empowers the Governor to declare an emergency or a few areas, and the imposition of martial law in the areas; authorized the governor to arrest suspects and bring them nt to the Fleet. Violence and the government troops suppresd the uprising should firmly resolve, forcing a large number of desperate and the victim to join the uprising. Irish Association of Executive Government to the French for help, they exaggerate the Irish revolutionary situation, that as long as the French to nd a significant number of troops to Ireland, the Irish will immediately intifada. December 1796, a French fleet of 43 ships carrying 15,000 French t
roops and weapons and ammunition bound for Ireland [4],In this ca, the decision alone, the Federation of Irish uprising. Rebellion is scheduled for May 23, 1798. The leak, the Government to take action in advance of the rebel leader arrested. But the May 24 uprising still broke out. Due to lack of leadership, poor equipment, the uprising was soon suppresd by the government.
(2) Religion
Ireland is an important cau of conflict, is religious conflict. Christianity was introduced in the 5th century AD, Ireland, from deeply rooted here. Reformation to the 16th century conflict between Britain and Ireland became clear. After 1529 the British Parliament has pasd a ries of religious reforms, the British out of the Roman Catholic Church, established the Church. Ireland is still adhere to traditional Catholicism, became a Roman Catholic stronghold. 1692, the British Parliament Irish Catholics are not allowed by the law in parliament, but also Catholics abroad as illegal At the same time, England has also developed a ries of harsh laws punishing Catholics. So Ireland's Irish Catholic state religion and believe in the conflict between the British continuity.
After the outbreak of the French Revolution, Northern Ireland, Protestants called for reform of the Irish Parliament, in order to win the support of Catholics in the South, they expresd their willingness to allow Catholics to obtain political rights. Meanwhile, competition for arable land due north Zhu Jun and religious differences, Catholic and Protestant farmers long-term disputes between farmers. In Ulster and elwhere, Catholics formed a tenant called the "protection of religious cts"(Defender) of the society, to fight the Irish Presbyterian School Organization "Dawn partner"(Peep-of-Day Boys). September 1795 "protecting religious"and"Dawn partners " cross-town blocks in Armagh violent conflict, "protection of religious cts, " was defeated, and this is the so-called "diamond war. "
