中国古建筑名词中英对照
居民点都城capital city
宫城imperial city
外城outer city
皇城imperial palace
里neighbourhood
街street
巷lane
胡同hutong,alley
关厢outskirt
城濠city moat,city trench
城堡castle
城邦polis
城市city
镇township,town
市区city proper
郊区suburb
工业城市industrial city
矿业城市mining city
港口城市port city
商业城市commercial city
大学城campus city
科学城science city
风景旅游城市sceic-tourist city 休养城市resort city
小城市small city
中等城市medium-sized city
大城市large city
城市历史保护urban conrvation 历史建筑historical building
历史地段historical site
城市改建urban redevelopment
城市更新urban renewal
中国古代建筑及构造
宫palace,temple
殿hall
厅hall 又称“堂”
室room
房hou
亭pavilion
台platform
坛altar
楼storied building
阁pavilion
廊colonnade
榭pavilion on terrace
水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda
民居folk hou
四合院courtyard hou
寨stockaded village
舫boat hou
阙que, watchtower
牌楼pailou, decorated gateway
华表huabiao, ornamental pillar
塔pagoda
硬山flush gable roof
悬山overhanging gable roof
歇山gable and hip roof
庑殿hip roof
四阿hip roof
卷棚round ridge roof
重檐double eave roof
攒尖pyramidal roof
园攒尖round pavilion roof
大木wooden structure
大式wooden frame with dougong
小式wooden frame without dougong
大木作carpentry work
小木作joinery work
抬梁式构架post and lintel construction
穿斗式构架column and tie construction
井干式构架log cabin construction
檐柱eave column
金柱hypostyle column
内槽柱hypostyle column 唐代术语
内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语
山柱center column
角柱corner column 唐、宋术语
瓜柱short column
脊瓜柱king post
蜀柱king post 宋代术语
雷公柱suspended column
帐杆suspended column 宋代术语
侧脚cejiao 宋代术语
卷杀entasis
梭柱shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语
角背bracket
由戗inverted V-shaped brace
叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语
柁墩wooden pier
驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术
语
梁beam
袱beam 宋代术语
月梁crescent beam
三架梁3-purlin beam
平梁3-purlin beam 宋代术语
四架梁4-purlin beam
五架梁5-purlin beam
四椽袱5-purlin beam 宋代术语
六架梁6-purlin beam
七架梁7-purlin beam
六椽袱7-purlin beam 宋代术语
九架梁9-purlin beam
八椽袱9-purlin beam 宋代术语
单步梁one-step cross beam
双步梁two-step cross beam
挑尖梁main aisle expod tiebeam
乳袱rufu, beam tie 宋代术语
抱头梁baotou beam
穿插枋penetrating tie
角梁hip rafer
（木行）purlin (ud with dougong) 大式檩purlin (ud without dougong) 小式
抟purlin 宋代术语
脊（木行）ridged purlin 大式
脊檩ridged purlin 小式
脊抟ridged purlin 宋代术语
金（木行）intermediate purlin 大式
金檩intermediate purlin 小式
上中平抟intermediate purlin 宋代术语
老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语
正心（木行）eave purlin 大式
檐檩eave purlin 小式
下平抟eave purlin 宋代术语
额枋architrave(ud with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(ud with dougong) 小式
阑额architrave 宋代术语
由额垫板cushion board 大式
檐垫板cushion board 小式
枋tiebeam
脊枋ridge tiebeam
上金枋upper purlin tiebeam
下金枋lower purlin tiebeam
老檐枋eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter
脑椽upper rafter
花架椽intermediate rafter
檐椽eave rafter
飞檐椽flying rafter
飞子flying rafter 宋代术语
连檐eave edging
瓦口tile edging
颔版tile edging 宋代术语
举架raising the purlin
举析raising the purlin 宋代术语
步架horizontal spacing between purlins
材cai
栔qi
分fen
斗口doukou,morti of cap block
斗拱dougong,bracket t
斗dou, bracket t
升block with cross morti
大斗cap block
栌斗cap block 宋代术语
拱gong,bracketarm
翘flower arm, petal
华拱flower arm 宋代术语
昂ang,lever
槽升子center block
齐心斗center block 宋代术语
三才升small block
十八斗connection block
交互斗connection block 宋代术语
正心拱axial bracket arm
泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语
瓜拱oval arm
瓜子拱oval arm 宋代术语
万拱long arm
慢拱long arm 宋代术语
厢拱regular arm
令拱regular arm 宋代术语
单材拱outer-side bracket arm
撑头small tie-beam
枋small tie-beam 宋代术语
耍头no
攒t of bracket
柱头科bracket t on columns
柱头铺作bracket t on columns 宋代术语
平身科bracket ts between columns
补间铺作bracket ts between columns 宋代术
语
角科bracket t on corner
转角铺作bracket t on corner 宋代术语出extension of bracket
出跳extension of bracket 宋代术语
cai
跳tiao 宋代术语
雀替sparrow brace
搏缝板gable eave board
搏缝版gable eave board 宋代术语木装修joiner's work
外檐装修exterior finish work
内檐装修interior finish work
框槛door frame
槛stud
抱框jamb on door or window
格栅partition door
抹头window stool
棂子grill
裙板panel
槛窗sill wall window
榻板window sill
支摘窗removable window
门枕door bearing
门簪decorative cylinder
门跋door knocker
门钉decorative nails on door leaf
门枕石bearing stone
抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone
天花ceiling
帽儿梁lattice framing
支条lattice framing
井口天花compartment ceiling
海墁天花flat ceiling
藻井caisson ceiling
罩shelf
龛niche
博古架antique shelf
瓦石作masonry
檐墙eave wall
廊墙partition wall
扇面墙horizontal partition wall
隔断墙vertical partition wall
槛墙sill wall
樨头gable wall head
挑檐石cantilever stone on eave
五花山墙stepped gable wall 拔磉corbel, hanging over
叠涩corbel, hanging over 宋代术语
角柱石corner pier
阶条石rectangular stone slab
压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps
踏道steps 宋代术语
踏垛step
踏step 宋代术语
斗板石intermediate pier
垂带drooping belt stone
副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语
象眼triangular space
御路yulu, imperial path
羌差ramp
须弥座xumizuo
圭角guijiao
上枋upper fillet and fascia
下枋lower fillet and fascia
上袅upper cyma, recta
下袅lower cyma, reversa
束腰suyao
钩栏balustrade 宋代术语
单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade
望柱baluster
望柱头baluster capital
栏版frieze panel
华版frieze panel
地伏plinth stone
寻杖handrail 宋代术语
柱顶石capital stone
柱础column ba
踬zhi
碑碣stone tablet
赑屃bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语
趺fu, stone turtle 清代术语
石像生stone animal
石人stone human statue
筒瓦round tile
板瓦flat tile
青瓦black tile
脊瓦ridge tile
琉璃瓦glazed roof tile
勾头eave tile
滴水drip tile
瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern
正吻zhengwen
鸱尾chiwei 宋及宋前术语
正脊main ridge
垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof
戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof 博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人celestial being
走兽animal
砖雕brick carving
彩画colored pattern, colored drawing
苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern
旋子彩画tangent circle pattern
和玺彩画dragons pattern
天花彩画ceiling pattern
箍头end portion of painted beam
藻头intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心central portion of painted beam
点金gold pointing
退晕color change
沥粉embosd painting
贴金gold foil painting
园林史
中国古典园林classical Chine garden
中国传统园林traditional Chine garden 中国古代园林ancient Chine garden
中国山水园Chine mountain and water garden
帝王宫苑imperial palace garden
皇家园林royal garden
私家园林private garden
江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta
西方古典园林western classical garden
英国式园林English style garden
中英混合式园林Anglo-Chine style garden
意大利式园林Italian style garden
西班牙式园林Spainish style garden
法兰西式园林French style garden
勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden
文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden
洛可可式园林Rococo style garden
巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden
庄园manor,villa garden
廊柱园peristyle garden,patio
绿廊xystus
迷阵maze,labyrinth 灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语
灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语
灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语
阿房宫E-Pang Palace 秦代术语
上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语
未央宫Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语
洛阳宫Luoyang Palace 魏代术语
华清宫Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语
艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语
圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden
颐和园Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden
承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort 苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden
悬园Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 又称“邱园”。
凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park
枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden
景view,scenery,feature
远景distant view
近景nearby view
障景obstructive scenery, blocking view 又称“抑景”。
借景borrowed scenery,view borrowing
对景oppositive scenery,view in opposite place
缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery
漏景leaking through scenery
框景enframed scenery
尾景terminal feature
主景main feature
副景condary feature
配景objective view
夹景vista line,vista 又称“风景线”
前景front view
背景background
景序order of sceneries
景点feature spot,view spot
园林空间garden space
开敞空间wide open space,wide space
封闭空间encloure space
意境artistic conception,poetic imagery
苍古antiquity
空灵spaciousness,airiness
动观in-motion viewing
静观in-position viewing
轴线axis,axial line
主轴main axis
副轴auxiliary axis
暗轴hidden axis,invisible axis 又称“隐轴”
外国古代建筑及构造
金字塔pyramid
方尖碑obelisk
牌门楼pylon
莲花式柱lotus column
纸草花式柱papyrus column
棕榈叶式柱palm column
塔庙ziggurat
列柱围廊式peristyle
山花pediment
多立克柱式Doric order
伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式Corinthian order
檐口cornice
檐部entablature
檐壁frieze
额枋architrave
柱头capital
柱身column shaft
槽沟flute
圆底线脚torus
柱基plinth
台基stylobate
输水道aqueduct
万神庙pantheon
凯旋门triumphal arch
角斗场colosum
广场forum
托斯卡柱式Tuscan order
门廊potch,portico
小穹顶cupola
平嵌线reglet
主穹顶main dome
半穹顶mi dome
帆拱pendentive
会堂basilica
中厅central nave
侧廊aisle
半圆形壁龛ap
袖廊tranpt
柱廊colonnade
神坛altar 拱廊atcade
壁上拱廊blind arcade
塔楼turret
玫瑰窗ro window
扶壁buttress
尖顶pinnacle
滴水兽gargoyle
顶端饰finial
花色窗棂tracery
四叶饰quatrefoil
五叶饰cinquefoil
府邸mansion,palazzo
鼓座drum
采光塔lantern
小侧窗bulleye window
涡卷装饰cartouche
宣礼塔minaret
圣龛mihrab,prayer niche
讲坛mimbar,pulpit
拱式vault type
筒拱barrel vault
棱拱groin vault
肋骨拱rib bed vault
星形拱stellar vault
网状拱reticulated vault
扇形拱fan vault
倒槽式拱trough vault
钟乳拱stalactite vault
券式arch type
半圆券micircular arch
尖券pointed arch
弧形券gmental arch
葱花券ogee arch
马蹄券horshoe arch
交角券squinch
穹式dome type
半球形穹顶mespherical dome 葱花穹顶ogee dome
方穹顶square dome
阿拉伯花饰arabeque
阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital dovetail 燕尾榫鸠尾榫
