Test 1
自从
1978年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济
(centrally planned economy)向市场经济
(market bad economy)的转变。超过
6亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过
1.7亿人生活在国际贫困线以
下天少于
1.25美元。2012年，中国的人均
GDP为
12405.67美元，这是
30年前的
37倍。到
2018年，中国
的人均 GDP将从世界第
90位上升到第
75位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的世界平均水平。
【译文】
Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market bad economy.
More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day
international poverty line. In 2012, China’s GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 times hi
gher than what
it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，China’s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This
however will still be below the forecasted world average.
Test 2
《三国演义》（Romance of the Three Kingdoms)由罗贯中创作于
14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。
小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡时期发生的一系列重大事件。整个故事情节
从公元
168年开始一直到公元
280年领土统一时结束。小说篇幅长达
80万字，分为
120个章节，共描述了 1，
191个人物角色，堪称中国古代文学史上的四大经典小说之一。
【译文】
Romance of the Three Kingdoms，written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chine histori cal novel
bad upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Hart Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era， starting in AD
168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280．It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of
ancient Chine literature，with a grand total of 800，000 words，1，191 characters and 120 chapters．
Test 3
文学是中国文化中最有活力、最灿烂辉煌的一部分。在历史发展的长河里，中国古代文学蕴涵（
embody)
了中华文化的基本精神，体现了中国人的美学（
esthetics)追求，承载了中华民族的理想信念，表现出自己独
特的个性和风采。从远古（
primeval times)神话
(mythology)到唐诗宋词、明清小说……各种文学形式，髙潮
迭起，连绵数千年，涌现出许多古今闻名的文学家（litterateur)和不朽的文学作品。
【译文】
Literature is the most dynamic and splendid part of Chine culture．Throughout the long history,Chine
ancient literature has embodied the underlying spirits of Chine culture，reflected the Chine people’s pursuit for
esthetics and faith for ideal society,and moreover，demonstrated the distinctive Chine character．For ce
nturies， a
succession of diversified literary forms，for instance，mythologies in primeval times，poems and ci in the Tang and
Song dynasties，novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties，etc．，has come into being．Many great literaturs are still
remembered today and their masterpieces have gained perpetual fame．
Test 4
明十三陵位于北京市西北郊昌平区境内。陵区是一个小盆地，北、东、西三面有许多山，龙、虎两山分别
在左右，符合中国古代帝王选择陵墓的风水思想。从
1409年开始，先后修建了十三座陵寝，所以叫做十三陵。
定陵
(Ding Ling)是万历皇帝朱翊钧和他的两位皇后的陵墓。定陵地宫是目前十三陵中唯一被挖掘的地下宫殿，
共出土各类文物
3,000多件。
【译文】
The tombs of 13 emperors of the Ming Dynasty are scattered in the Changping County in the northwest outskirt of
Beijing. They are in a small basin surrounded by hills on the north, east and west sides. The Dragon Hill and the Tiger
Hill guard the tombs on the left and right sides, which conform to fengshui that would always influence ancient emperors
in choosing their tombs. From 1409 on, 13 tombs were built here, hence the name. Ding Ling is the tomb of Emperor Zhu
Yijun and his two empress, who reign title is Wanli. Ding Ling is the only one of the thirteen Ming Tombs excavated
so far and totally there are more than 3,000 pieces of cultural relics unearthed from the underground palace.
Test 5
中国是风筝的故乡。放风筝有益于身体健康，所以，许多国家十分流行放风筝。中国人不仅把放风筝当作
有趣的游戏和有益于身体健康的体育活动，也常常把风筝作为装饰挂在墙上。目前，中国的风筝已经远销到日
本以及东南亚和欧美的许多国家，受到了世界各国人民的欢迎。近年来，山东潍坊每年都要举行国际风筝节。
【译文】
China is the birthplace of kites.Becau flying kites is beneficial to one’s health, it is gaining popularity in many
countries.The Chine regard it as an interesting game as well as a sport helping keep fit. Some people also hang kites on
the wall for decoration.Chine kites, which are popular among people all over the world, are now available for sale in
Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America.In recent years, the annual International Kite Festival
has been held in Weifang of Shandong province.
Test 6
有人说，阅读决定着一个民族思维的深度和广度，对文化传承、国家发展有着重要的意义。已有专家指出，
如果仅仅满足于“浅阅读
”，对于国家和人民将是灾难性的。这就是为什么在高科技浪潮中，很多网络发达的
国家反而更强调传统式阅读。近年来，很多国家都把提倡阅读、提升阅读能力列为教育改革的重点，通
过实施
这些措施努力唤起“深阅读”。
【译文】
It is stated that reading determines how deeply and widely a nation can think and it has significant implications
for cultural inheritance and national development.It has been pointed out by some experts that it would be catastrophic
for a country and its citizens if people in this country age merely satisfied with“shallow reading”.That is why many
countries with well-developed networks have attached greater importance to traditional reading in the high-tech trends.
Recent years.10ts of countries have made advocating reading and improving reading skills the focus of education
reform,in an effort to arou“deep reading”.
Test 7
道教
(Taoism)是中国本土宗教，人们常常把它于《道德经》
(Tao Te Ching)联系起来，据称该著作是在约
公元前三、四世纪由老子
(Lao Tzu)所著述的哲学、政治作品。《道德经》的核心内容是“道”，即“方法”或“道
路
”——恰当的做事方法和领导方法。道教在整个中国历史上还以许多方式涉入到政治中来。道教强调了人、
自然和神三者之间的和谐关系。
【.译文】
Taoism is an indigenous Chine religion often associated with Too Te Ching,a philosophical and political book
purportedly written by Lao Tzu around 3rd or 4th centuries B.C.Too Te Ching focus on Tao as a “way”or “path”—
the appropriate way to behave and to lead others.Taoism also engaged with Chine politics in a variety of ways
throughout Chine history.In Taoism,a harmonious relationship between humanity,nature and the divine is emphasized.
Test 8
微博
(Micro-blog)的出现让人类的生活变得更加便捷和丰富多彩。人们可以通过微博和大家交流，即时记
录自己的心情，获取自己感兴趣的信息等。但微博是一把双刃剑，在给我们带来诸多好处的同时，也会带来一
些我们意想不到的弊端。比如长期沉迷于微博会影响正常的生活。因此我们应该用正确的态度看待微博，并合
理地使用它，让自己可以从中获益。
【译文】
The emergence of Micro-blog makes people’s life more convenient and colorful.Through Micro-blog，people
can communicate with others,make immediate record of their moods as well as have access to information of their
interest.However,Micro-blog is a double-edged sword.Besides the benefits it brings to US,it also has some unexpected
disadvantages.For example,engrossing yourlf in Micro-blog will affect your normal life. Therefore we should take a
right attitude towards Micro-blog and u it rationally, so as to benefit from it.
Test 9
中国国旗
(Flag of China)又被称为“五星红旗”。旗面为红色，象征革命。旗面左上方有五颗黄色五角星，
黄色较白色明亮美丽，表示中华民族为黄色人种。五颗五角
星中一颗相对较大，代表中国共产党（
Communist
Party of China)的领导。另外四颗较小，代表中国社会中的四个阶级。四颗小五角星各有一尖正对着大星的中
心点，象征共产党领导下的中国人民大团结。
【译文】
Flag of China is also referred to as the “five-star red flag”. The color is red reprenting revolution.There are five
yellow five-pointed stars on the top left part of the flag. Compared with white, yellow is brighter and more beautiful,
reprenting the Chine nation as yellow race. One star is comparatively larger than the other four, and it symbolizes the
leadership of the Communist Party of China. The four smaller stars reprent people of four class in Chine society.
One point of each small star faces the center of the larger star, which reprents the unity of the Chine people under the
leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Test 10
筷子
(chopsticks)是一种中国传统餐具
(eating utensil)，由两根同等长度的小细棒组成，用于夹起食物。
筷子一般由竹、木、金属或塑料制成。它轻巧灵活，使用方便。早在三千多年前的商代
(the Shang Dynasty)，
中国人就开始使用筷子了。筷子是反映中国饮食文化的重要组成部分，可谓是中国文化的代表。作为一种独特
的餐具，筷子被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。
【译文】
Compod of a pair of sticks with equal length, chopsticks are traditional Chine eating utensils ud to pick up food.
They are commonly made of bamboo, wood, metal or plastic. It is convenient to u chopsticks becau they are light and
flexible. Since as early as the Shang Dynasty over 3000 years, Chine has been using chopsticks. Being an important
reflection of Chine food culture, they are regarded as a reprentative of Chine culture. As a unique eating utensil,
chopsticks are hailed as “eastern civilization” by westerners.
Test 11
相声
(Xiangsheng)是中国最重要的表演艺术之一。共有三种不同形式的相声，分别由一人、两人和多人表
演。其中由两人表演的对口相声
(cross talk)最为流行，传播最为广泛。“相声”一词最初是指模仿别人的言谈
举止。现代相声包含四种基本技能：说、学、逗
(tea)、唱。由于相声的许多内容是笑话和有趣的故事，语言
幽默而又讽刺
(Sarcastic)，因此深受人民群众的喜爱。
【译文】
Xiangsheng is one of China’s most significant performing arts, including three different forms, performed
respectively by one person, two persons and three or more persons. Of the three forms, cross talk, performed by two
persons, is the most popular and widespread. The term “Xiangsheng” originally referred to the act of
imitating
someone’s speech and behavior. Modem Xiangsheng is compod of four basic skills: s
peaking, imitating, teasing
and singing. Due to its contents which are mainly jokes and interesting stories and its humorous and sarcastic language,
Xiangsheng has become very popular among people.
Test 12
中秋节为每年的农历
(lunar calendar)八月十五日，是中国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。这一天是家人
团聚的日子，月亮是中秋节庆祝的主题。全家人聚在一起品尝美味的月饼，观赏象征丰裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。
中秋节也被认为是一个丰收的节日，因为秋季是收获的季节，各种水果、蔬菜和粮食作物都在此时成
熟。许多
动人的传说也与中秋节有关，如“嫦娥奔月”(Chang'e's flight to the moon)。
【译文】
Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, Mid- Autumn Festival is an important traditional
festival in China, next only to Spring Festival. It is a day of family reunion. The moon is the theme of celebrations.
Family members get together to taste delicious moon cakes and enjoy the full moon—a symbol of abundance, harmony
and luck. Mid-Autumn Festival is also considered as a harvest festival, becau autumn is a ason of harvest when
various fruits, vegetables and crops are ripe. Many touching legends are also associated with Mid-Autumn Festival, such
as “Chang’e’s flight to the moon”.
Test 13
西部大开发
(western development campaign)是中国政府的一项政策，于
2000年开始运作。目的是提高
西部地区的经济和社会发展水平。西部大开发的范围是中国西部的
12个省和自治区
(autonomous region)。
西部地区自然资源丰富，市场潜力大，战略位置重要。但由于自然、历史、社会等原因，西部地区经济发
展相对东部落后。这一政策的实施可以使西部地区得到更快、更深、更广的发展，实现共同富裕
(common
prosperity)。
【译文】
Western development campaign is a policy made by Chine government and operated from 2000. Its goal is to
improve the economic and social development level of the western areas. There are twelve provinces and autonomous
regions covered in this campaign. The western areas have abundant natural resources with huge potential market and
important strategic location. But becau of natural, historical and social factors, the economic development in tho areas
lags behind that of the eastern areas. The implementation of the policy can bring a faster, deeper and broader development
in the western areas, which will help realize common prosperity.
Test 14
孔子学院
(Confucius Institute)是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是
设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语
学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于
2004年在韩国首尔
(Seoul)成立，目前已遍布
106个国家。孔子学院有力地
推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流与融合
(integration)。
【译文】
Confucius institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world.
Its aim is to promote Chine language and spread Chine culture. The most important task of Confucius Institute is
to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chine for learners all over the world. The first Confucius
Institute opened in2004 in Seoul, South Korea. At prent, it has been established in 106 countries. Confucius Institute
has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world.
Test 15
乒乓球
(table tennis)是中国的国球，是一种世界流行的体育项目。
20世纪
60年代以来，中国选手赢得了
世界乒乓球比赛的大部分冠军，因此中国在该项运动中占有统治性的地位。乒乓球的起源有许多不同的说法，
最流行、最被广泛认可的一种说法就是乒乓球在
1900年起源于英国。在英语中，它也被称为
“
Ping Pong”，
因为在打击时会发出“Ping Pong”的声音。在
1988年的奥运会上，它被列为正式的比赛项目。
【译文】
Table tennis, the national ball game of China, is a sport event popular around the world. Since the 1960s, Chine
players have won a great majority of champions in the world table tennis competitions. Thus China plays a dominant role
in the event. There are various versions concerning the origin of table tennis, among which the most popular and widest
accepted is that it originated in Britain in 1900. Table tennis is also called as “Ping Pong” in English becau of the
sound of “Ping Pong” in hitting the ball. In the 1988 Olympics, table tennis became a formal Olympic event.
Test 16
在中国，出国留学的人数逐年上升，但出国留学却不见得是一个不错的投资选择。拥有海外文凭的求职者
同拥有国内文凭的求职者相比，并无优势可言。但对于那些留学海外以及想要出国进修的学生而言，有机会开
阔眼界远胜过对经济风险的担忧。现在学生更看重个人发展，不再只是把出国留学看作是提高职场竞争力的一
项“投资”。
【译文】
The number of people studying abroad is on the gradual ri in China, but it might not be a good investment. Job
applicants with a foreign diploma have no edge over their domestically trained peers. But for tho already studying
abroad and tho planning to pursue foreign education, the opportunity to expand their horizons outweighs any financial
concerns. Students now value studying abroad as their personal development more than an “investment” to improve
their competitive power in the job market.
Test 17
大熊猫
