6.Test Methods
6.1Tensile Strength and Elongation :
6.1.1Obtain the tensile strength,expresd in pounds per
square inch,by dividing the maximum load carried by the
specimen during the tension test,by the original cross-ctional
area of the specimen.Tensile strength and elongation may be
determined simultaneously on the same specimen.
6.1.2Determine the elongation of the wire as the permanent
increa in length due to the breaking of the wire in tension,
measured between gage marks placed originally 10in.(250
mm)apart upon the test specimen (Explanatory Note 5).
6.1.3If any part of the fracture takes place outside the gage
marks or in the jaws of the testing machine,or if an examina-
tion of the specimen indicates a flaw,the value obtained may
not be reprentative of the material.In such cas the test may
be discarded and a new test made.
6.2Resistivity —Determine the electrical resistivity of the
material in accordance with Test Method B 193(Explanatory
Note 6).The purchar may accept certification that the wire
was drawn from rod stock meeting the International Standard
for annealed copper instead of resistivity tests on the finished
wire.
6.3Dimensional Measurements —Make dimensional mea-
surements with a micrometer caliper equipped with a vernier
graduated in 0.0001in.(0.0025mm).Take measurements on at
least three places on each unit lected for this test.If
accessible,take one measurement on each end and one near the
middle.The average of the three measurements shall determine compliance with the requirements.6.4Surface Finish —Make a surface-finish inspection with the unaided eye (normal spectacles excepted).7.Inspection 7.1General Explanatory Note 7)—Unless otherwi speci-fied in the contract or purchar order,the manufacturer shall be responsible for the performance of all inspection and test requirements specified.7.1.1All inspections and tests shall be made at the place of manufacture unless otherwi especially agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchar
at the time of the purcha.7.1.2The manufacturer shall afford the inspector reprent-ing the purchar all reasonable manufacturer’s facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification.7.1.3Unless otherwi agreed upon between the purchar and the manufacturer,conformance of the wire to the various requirements listed in Section 5shall be determined on samples taken from each lot of wire prented for acceptance.7.1.4The manufacturer shall,if requested prior to inspec-tion,certify that all wire in the lot was made under such conditions that the product as a whole conforms to the requirements of this specification as determined by regularly made and recorded tests.7.2Inspection and Testing Terms :7.2.1Lot —A lot is any amount of wire of one type and size prented for acceptance at one time,such amount,however,
TABLE 1Tensile Properties
Diameter A
Area at 20°C Nominal Tensile Strength B (Explanatory Note 2)Nominal Elongation,%B in.
mm cmil in.2mm 2psi MPa in 10in.(250mm)0.4600
11.6842116000.1662107.049000340 3.80.4096
10.4641678000.131885.051000350 3.30.3648
9.2661331000.104567.452800365 2.80.3249
8.2521056000.0829153.554500375 2.40.2893
7.348836900.0657342.456100385 2.20.2576
6.543663600.0521333.657600395 2.00.2294
5.827526200.041332
6.759000405 1.80.2043
5.189417400.0327821.260100415 1.70.1819
4.620330900.0259916.861200420 1.60.1650*
4.191272200.0213813.862000425 1.50.1620
4.115262400.0206113.362100430 1.40.1443
3.665208200.0163510.563000435 1.30.1340*
3.404179600.014109.1063400435 1.30.1285
3.264165100.012978.3763700440 1.30.1144
2.906130900.01028 6.6364300445 1.20.1040*
2.642108200.008495 5.4864800445 1.20.1019
2.588103800.008155 5.2664900445 1.20.0920*
2.38784600.00665 4.2965400450 1.10.0907
2.30482300.00646 4.1765400450 1.10.0808
2.05265300.00513
3.3165700455 1.10.0800*
2.03264000.00503
3.2465700455 1.10.0720
1.82951800.00407
2.6365900455 1.10.0650*
1.65142200.00332
2.1466200455 1.00.0641
1.62841100.00323
2.0866200455 1.00.0571
1.45032600.00256 1.6566400460 1.00.0508
1.29025800.00203 1.3166600460 1.00.0453
1.15120500.00161 1.0466800460 1.00.0403
1.02416200.001280.82367000460 1.0A The diameters marked by asterisks (*)are often employed b
y purchars for communication lines,but are not in the American Wire Gage (B &S Wire Gage)ries,as are the other diameters listed (Explanatory Note 4).
B The values are subject to the requirements of conformance criteria in Section 8in determining acceptability of wire under this specification.They are intended to be ud as the “minimum values”in design and in all dependent
specifications.
not to exceed 100000lb (45000kg)(Explanatory Note 8).
7.2.2Sample —A sample is a quantity of production units
(coils,reels,etc.)lected at random from the lot for the
purpo of determining conformance of the lot to the require-
ments of this specification.
7.2.3Specimen —A specimen is a length of wire removed
for test purpos from any individual production unit of the
sample.
7.3Sample Size —The number of production units in a
sample (Explanatory Note 7)shall be as follows:
7.3.1For tension,elongation,and resistivity determinations,
the sample shall consist of four production units.From each
unit,one test specimen of sufficient length shall be removed for
the performance of the required tests.
7.3.2For dimensional measurements,the sample shall con-
sist of a quantity of production units shown in Table 2under
the heading “First Sample.”
7.3.3For surface-finish inspection and for packaging in-
spection (when specified by the purchar at the time of placing
the order)the sample shall consist of a quantity of production
units shown in Table 3.
8.Packaging and Package Marking
8.1Package sizes shall be agreed upon between the manu-
facturer and the purchar in the placing of individual orders.
8.2The wire shall be protected against damage in ordinary
handling and shipping.
9.Conformance Criteria (Explanatory Note 7)
9.1Any lot of wire,the samples of which comply with the
conformance criteria of this ction,shall be considered as
complying with the requirements of Section 5.Individual
production units that fail to meet one or more of the require-
ments shall be rejected.Failure of a sample group from a lot to
meet one or more of the following criteria shall constitute
cau for rejection of the lot.The conformance criteria for each
of the prescribed properties given in Section 5are as follows:
9.1.1Tensile Strength —The lot shall be considered con-
forming if the average tensile strength of the four specimens is
not less than the appropriate tensile strength of Table 1minus
400psi (3MPa);however,any individual production unit,the
specimen from which has a tensile strength less than the
appropriate tensile strength value in Table 1minus 1700psi (12
MPa)shall be rejected.
9.1.1.1The lot shall be considered to have failed to meet the
tensile conformance criterion if the average of the four specimens is less than the tensile strength in Table 1minus 400psi (3MPa)the tensile strength of any of the individual specimens is less than the value in Table 1minus 1700psi (12MPa).9.1.1.2If the average of the four specimens is less than the tensile strength in Table 1minus 400psi (3MPa)and the tensile strength of each of the individual specimens is equal to or more than the value in Table 1minus 1700psi (12MPa),six additional specimens from six production units other than the four originally sampled shall be tested.The lot sh
all be considered conforming if the tensile strength of each of the ten specimens is not less than the appropriate tensile strength value in Table 1minus 1700psi and the average of the ten specimens is not less than the value in Table 1minus 400psi.The lot shall be considered to have failed to meet the tensile strength requirement if the tensile strength of any of the individual specimens is less than the value in Table 1minus 1700psi or if the average of the ten specimens is less than the value in Table 1minus 400psi.9.1.2Elongation —The lot shall be considered conforming if the average elongation of the four specimens is not less than the appropriate elongation value in Table 1minus 0.1percent-age points;however,any individual production unit,the specimen from which has an elongation less than the appro-priate elongation value in Table 1minus 0.2percentage points shall be rejected.9.1.2.1The lot shall be considered to have failed to meet the elongation conformance criterion if the average of the four specimens is less than the appropriate elongation value in Table 1minus 0.1percentage points the elongation of any of the individual specimens is less than the elongation value in Table 1minus 0.2percentage points.9.1.2.2If the average of the four specimens is less than the appropriate elongation value in Table 1minus 0.1percentage points and the elongation of each of the individual specimens
TABLE 2Sampling for Dimensional Measurements
Number of Units in Lot First Sample
Second Sample Number of
Units in Sample,
n 1
Allowable Number of Defects in First Sample,c 1Number of Units in Sample,n 2n ,plus n 2Allowable Number of Defects in Both Samples,c 21to 14,incl all
<.15to 50,incl 14
<.51to 100,incl 19
023421101to 200,incl 24
046702210to 400,incl 29
0761053401to 800,incl 33
01121454Over 800
3401161504TABLE 3Sampling for Surface Finish and Packaging Inspection Number of Units in Lot Number of Units in Sample,n Allowable Number of Defective Units,c 1to 30,incl all 031to 50,incl 30051to 100,incl 370101to 200,incl 400201to 300,incl 701301to 500,incl 1002501to 800,incl 1303Over 800155
4
is equal to or more than the elongation value in Table1minus 0.2percentage points,six additional specimens from six production units other than the four originally sampled shall be tested.The lot shall be considered conforming if the elongation of each of the ten specimens is not less than the appropriate elongation value in Table1minus0.2percentage points and the average of the ten specimens is not less than the value in Table 1minus0.1percentage points.The lot shall be considered to have failed to meet the elongation requirement if any of the ten specimens is less than the appropriate elongation value in Table 1minus0.2percentage points or if the average of the ten specimens is lessthan the elongation value in Table1minus0.1 percentage points.
9.1.3Resistivity—The electrical resistivity of each of the four specimens shall conform to the requirements of 5.3. Failure to meet this requirement shall constitute failure to meet the resistivity conformance criterion.
9.1.4Dimensions—The dimensions of thefirst sample (Table2)shall conform to the requirements of5.4.If there are no failures,the lot conforms to this requirement.If there are failures but the number of the does not exceed the allowable defect number,c2(Table2),for the respective number of units in the sample,a cond sample equal to n2shall be taken and the total defects of the n1plus n2units shall not exceed the allowable defect number,c2.Failure to meet this requirement shall constitute failure to meet the dimensional conformance criterion.
9.1.5Surface Finish—The surfacefinish of the samples taken in accordance with Table3shall conform to the require-ments of5.5.The number of units in the sample showing surface defects not consistent with commercial practice shall not exceed the allowable defect number,c,in Table3.Failure to meet this requirement shall constitute failure to meet the surface-finish conformance criterion.
9.1.6Packaging—Conformance to the packaging require-ments specified by the purchar shall be determined in accordance with Table3.The number of units in the sample showing nonconformance to the requirement shall not exceed the allowable defect number,c,in Table3.Failure to meet this requirement shall constitute failure to meet the packaging conformance criterion.
10.Density
10.1For the purpo of calculating mass per unit length, cross ctions,etc.,the density of the copper shall be taken as 8.89g/cm3(0.32117lb/in.3)at20°C(Explanatory Note9). 11.Keywords
11.1copper electrical conductor;copper wire;electrical conductor;electrical conductor—copper;hard-drawn copper wire.
EXPLANATORY NOTES
N OTE1—Other tests than tho provided in this specification have been considered at various times,such as twist tests,wrap tests,tests for elastic limit,etc.It is the opinion of the committee that twist and wrap tests on hard-drawn wire do not rve a uful purpo and should be regarded as undesirable,as well as inconclusive as to results and significance.Tests for values of elastic limit are likewi indefinite as to results.Tests to determine elastic properties of hard-drawn wire from which wire stringing and sagging data may be compiled are considered
N OTE2—The tensile strength values given in Table1cannot always be met if the wire is drawn into coils of less than19in.(48mm)inside diameter or if the wire has been rewound.Lower tensile strength values, therefore,are permissible for smaller-diameter coils,or rewound wire, through mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchar at the time the order is placed.
N OTE3—Mechanical joints made during inspection at the request of the purchar are permissible if agreed upon at the time of placing the order. N OTE4—The values of the wire diameters in Table1which correspond to gage numbers of the American Wire Gage are given to the nearest 0.0001in.(0.002mm).The diameters preceded by asterisks are not in the American Wire Gage ries.They correspond to certain of the numbers of the Birmingham Wire Gage or of the British Standard Wire Gage and are ud for communication lines.The u of gage numbers to specify wire sizes is not recognized in this specification,becau of the possibility of confusion.An excellent discussion of wire gages and related subjects is contained in NBS Handbook100.4
N OTE5—It is known that the rate of loading during tension testing of copper affects the performance of the sample to a greater or lesr extent, depending upon many factors.In general,tested values of tensile strength are incread and tested values of elongation are reduced with increa of speed of the moving head of the testing machine.The effects are pronounced when the speed of the moving head is excessive in the testing of hard-drawn wires.It is suggested that tests be made at speeds of moving head which,under no-load conditions,are not greater than3in.(75 mm)/min,but in no ca at a speed greater than that at which correct readings can be made.
N OTE6—Resistivity units are bad on the International Annealed Copper Standard(IACS)adopted by IEC in1913,which is1/58V·mm2/m at20°C for100%conductivity.The value of0.017241V·mm2/m and the value of0.15328V·g/m2at20°C are respectively the international equivalent of volume and weight resistivity of annealed copper equal(to 5significantfigures)to100%conductivity.The latter term means that a copper wire1m in length and weighing1g would have a resistance of 0.15328V.This is equivalent to a resistivity value of875.20V·lb/mile2, which signifies the resistance of a copper wire1mile in length weighing 1lb.It is also equivalent,for example,to1.7241µV/cm of length of a copper bar1cm2in cross ction.A complete discussion of this subject is contained in NBS Handbook100of the National Bureau of Standards.4 The u offive significantfigures in expressing resistivity does not imply the need for greater accuracy of measurement than that specified in Test Method B193.The u offive significantfigures is required for reasonably accurate reversible conversion from one t of resistivity units to another.The equivalent resistivity values in Table4were derived from the fundamental IEC value(1/58V·mm2/m)computed to7significant figures and then rounded to5significantfigures.
N OTE7—Cumulative results cured on the product of a single manu-facturer,indicating continued conformance to the criteria,are necessary to ensure an over-all product meeting the requirements of
this specification. The sample sizes and conformance criteria given for the various charac-teristics are applicable only to lots produced under the conditions.
N OTE8—A lot should compri material taken from a product regularly meeting the requirements of this specification.Inspection of individual lots of less than5000lb(2270kg)of wire cannot be justified economi-cally.For small lots of5000lb or less the purchar may agree to the TABLE4Resistivity Relationships
Conductivity at
20°C%
100.0097.1696.16
V·lb/mile2875.20900.77910.15
V·g/m20.153280.157750.15940 V·cmil/ft10.37110.67410.785 V·mm2/m0.0172410.0177450.017930
µV·in.0.678790.698630.70590
µV·cm 1.7241 1.7745
1.7930
manufacturer’s regular inspection of the product as a whole as evidence of
acceptability of such small lots.
N OTE 9—The value of density of copper is in accordance with the
International Annealed Copper Standard.The corresponding value at 0°C is 8.90g/cm 3(0.32150lb/in.3).As pointed out in the discussion of this subject in NBS Handbook 100of the National Bureau of Standards,there is no appreciable difference in values of density of hard-drawn and annealed copper wire.
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchar in the inquiry,contract,or order,for agencies of the U.S.Government.
S1.Referenced Documents
S1.1The following documents form a part of this specifi-
cation to the extent referenced herein.Unless otherwi speci-
fied,the issues of the documents shall be tho listed in the
issue of the Department of Defen Index of Specifications and
Standards (DODISS)and supplement thereto,cited in the
solicitation.
S1.2Military Specification:5
MIL-C-12000Cable,Cord,and Wire,Electric;Packaging of S2.Inspection The government shall have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests t forth in this specification when such tests are
deemed necessary to assure that the material conforms to the prescribed requirements.S3.Packaging S3.1Packaging shall be in accordance with MIL-C-12000.
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asrted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard.Urs of this standard are expressly advid that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revid,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addresd to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,100Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4Section D,700
Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,Attn:
NPODS.
