英语四六级阅读
考纲
要求考生阅读若干篇短文。每篇短文后有若干个问题。考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
选材的原册是：
1、题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解；
2、体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；
3、文章的语言难度中等，无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，如超出教学大纲词汇表四级的范围，用汉语注明词义。
阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力：
1、 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；
2、 了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；
3、 既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；
4、 既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文的逻辑关系。
阅读理解部分的目的是测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定速度。
Skimming and Scanning (10 items, 15minutes)
Reading in Depth (25 minutes)
Words Selection (10 items)
Comprehension Questions (10 items for 2 passages)
Skimming--- for detailed information
Scanning --- for main idea (thesis)
Sample 1
Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem takin
g tests when she began college.” I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out becau of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher." Another student in microbiology and similar experiences. He said,"My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then on the cond test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down!"
The two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Becau a student worries and it uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student can't write or think clearly becau of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety caus the low grades. Recently, test an
xiety had been recognized as a real problem, not just an excu or a fal explanation of lazy students.
Special university counling cours try to help students. In the cours, counlors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short cours to help them deal with their tension. The cours teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in berry ten situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ea .Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
An expert at the University of California explains.” With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking out program. Most of then experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. Wi
th some, the improvement is very great."
1. To "blank out" is probably______.
a. to be like a blanket
b. to be sure of an answer
c. to be unable to think clearly
d. to show knowledge to the teacher
2.Poor grades are usually the result of _______.
a. poor hygienic habits
b. laziness
c. lack of sleep
d. inability to form good study habits
3.Test anxiety has been recognized as _______.
a. an excu for laziness
b. the result of poor habits
c. a real problem
d. something that can't be changed
4.To deal with this problem, students say they want to ______.
a. take a short cour on anxiety
b. read about anxiety
c. be able to manage or understand their anxiety
d. take test to prove they are not anxiety
5.A University of California counlor said_______.
a. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program
b. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California counli
ng cour
c. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety cour
d. students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California counling cour
答案：cdcab
Sample 2
Communication rearchers have found that most of a message is carried in non-verbal ways. The importance of this is that awareness of non-verbal messages can significantly influence the effectiveness of any communication. For example, one study found that up to 55% of the impact comes through facial expressions and another 30% from tone of voice and inflection. The rearch shows that three basic emotions are conveyed non-verbally. First, is the extent to which we like or dislike others. Eye contact is the major indi
cation of liking. People communicating normally look at each other about 40%-60% of the time, and more eye contact than this indicates liking, while less indicates dislike. Second, is the extent of submissiveness or dominance. This is conveyed by the environment as well as by the speaker. Third, is responsiveness---positive, negative, or mixed---that others arou in us. Posture, for example, leaning toward or away from another, has a great deal to do with this. Showing responsiveness by leaning forward, nodding, and increasing eye contact will likely stimulate the speaker to continue on his or her current line of thought, for example.
1. what is the topic of the paragraph?
2. what is the main idea of the paragraph?
3. what are the three basic emotions shown by the rearch?
According to the rearch, eye contact can indicate ________,
Usually, people lean forward, nod, and increa eye contact to ____ positively.
Tips:
1. 了解文章写作结构 （总-分；总-分-总； 分-总；分-总-分）
2. 找准关键信息词
找准信号词－四六级阅读如何能“一目十行”
在文章的浏览(即略读，skimming)过程中，对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中，读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。以下列出的是阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”。
1.以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息：
The main / important point / conclusion / reason….
The point to note here…
2.以下词组提示了下文的结构框架：
There are three major reasons…
3.but 和 however表示对比，常常用来提示重要信息，例如：
The rising birth rate is not due to incread fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.
4.在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案，提示读者答案中有重要信息，例如：
Why is a piped water supply so important? Dia due to contaminated water is a common cau of death in childhood.
5.有时，为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点，作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点，例如：
Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything el changing.
6.文章的结论通常是非常重要的，因此，读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”，例如：
Therefore the result
In conclusion we can conclude
One of the primary conclusions
7.举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点，因此，文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中，以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
For example/ instance like
Such as the include
To illustrate among the are
有时，作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息，例如：
The developing countries are dependent on cash crops? Sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.
Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are tho which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
在段落浏览时，读者在看到信号词后，应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断，例如：
The main reason for (提示：下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示：下文信息不重要，仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria.
Why (提示：问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示：这只是众多答案中的一种，并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示：but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示：这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything el changing.
英语四级阅读中蒙题技巧问题
（1）答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。
这些语气词有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。
（2）选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。
这些语气词有： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数)，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
