UNIT 1 Of Marriage and Single Life Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯。培根
1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of a married life according to Bacon?
Advantages:
1. Be responsible for family and careful;
2. Hortative, put men in mind of their wives and children ,for soldiers;
3. A kind of discipline of humanity , grave natures led by custom are commonly loving husbands;
4. Wives are young men’s mistress , companions for middle age , and old men’s nurs
Disadvantages:
1.giving hostages to fortune
2.impediments to great enterpris
3.an abatament of a man’s riches and a family will bing a man bonds and shackles
UNIT 4 Letter to Lord Chesterfield Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔。约翰逊
2.What is the importance of this letter in the history of English literature?
1. John’s letter has been described as literature’s “Declaration of Independence”;Independence of writers
2. It’s a poor writer to the big man’s indictment-like , showing contempt for the writer of the elite.
3. It has been the subject of critical comment over since in the literary world.
4.It reprents the English new bourgeoisie(资产阶级)’ resistance against feudalism（封建主义）.
5.It embodies the author’s rebellion.
*6、事实上，此后英国文坛上的保护制度（Patronage）在英国，在欧洲大陆逐渐消失了。
***Writing features in the letter
1、 beautiful , elegant statement（陈述） and long ntences.
2、 the u of Triple parallelism(三联排比).
3、 the u of irony , satire（讽刺） and humor（幽默）.
4、 the combination of metaphor （比喻）and allusion（暗指，影射）.
UNIT 7 How to Grow Old Bertrand Rusll 伯特伦德。罗素
3．What ， in the opinion of the author , is the best way for an old person to overcome the fear of death?
Apart from a hereditary factor , he points out that the best way for the aged to live a long life is to develope wide and impersonal hobbies . (Thus , old people could avoid reminiscence of their youth and excessive concern for their grown-up children . Also they may find it easier to overcome the fear of death and make their life part of the universal o
ne.)
Universities and Their Function Alfred North Whitehead阿尔佛雷德。诺思。怀特海德
4.What does Whitehead e as the chief function of a university ? Why is a university an ideal place to develope this talent ?
Thus the proper funcion of a university is the imaginative acquisition of knowledge.The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.
The justification for a university is that it prerves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life , but uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning . The university imparts(传授) information , but it imparts it imaginatively.At least , this is the function which it should perform for society . This atmosphere of excitement , ari from imaginative consideration , transfroms knowledge .
UNIT 8 Politics and the English Language George Orwell
5.Does the author make clear how “an effect can become a cau” in the ca of the English language?
Yes.A man may take to drink becau he feels heimlf to be a failure , and then fail all the more completely becau he drinks.It is rather the same thing that is happen to the English language .It becomes ugly and inaccurate becau our thoughts are foolish , but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts.The point is that the process is reversible.
UNIT 9 People Edward Morgan Forster 爱德华。摩根。福斯特
6.Do you agree with Forster that a novel that is not too simple often requires both flat and round characters ? Why （not）？ What would be the result if a novel contained only round characters?
Yes,a novel that is at all complex often requires flat people as well as round .Becau plot is complex , people should parallel life .Comic and tragic need both of them.
Only round :complex ,not easy to be recogni and remember , lack comic ,too rious.
UNIT 10 Professions for women Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚。伍尔夫
7.What is The Angel in the Hou ? Why does the author have to do battle with it when she writes?
A hype of female characters in Victorian literature ; the ideal woman for the patriarchal (The name was originally the title of a book by the Victorian poet C.K.D. Patmore. Coventry Patmore, the author of the poem, The Angel in the Ho, es his wife Emily as a perfect Victorian wife and head of the home, thus comparing her to an angel.)
The original meaning of the word “angel” is a mesnger of God and a supernatural being to whom are attributed greater than human power, intelligence, etc. When ud figuratively, the word means a person regarded as being as beautiful, good, and innocent, etc. as an angel, especially said of women and children. Since an angel is
supernatural and often female, it is appropriate for the author to call the phantom an angel.
