英语的因果关系的前后
因果逻辑是一种强逻辑，几乎在所有类型的文章中都会出现。在英文写作中，为了支持某个观点，我们通常会用到因果论证，而且可能会不只用一次。由此，我们有必要学习用多种不同的形式去体现因果关系，使得文章更加自然流畅。
接下来我基本从使用频率的高到低及难度的小到大来一一罗列说明。
使用常见的显性连接词
如becau, becau of, since, as, now that, in that, due to, owing to, therefore, hence, so, as a result, as a conquence, resultingly, conquently, accordingly, so that。
在使用这些连接词时，同学要注意将它们按词性分类，如连词、介词、副词，只有弄懂了词性的差异，才不会犯语法错误（如标点错误）。这个层面的知识基本是中学里的，但能把这些全用对的也不多。
最常见的错误就是therefore的用法。例如：Some people relentlessly cut down trees, therefore some animals are in danger of losing their habitat.
其实，这里只能用so，因为therefore是副词，不能连接两个句子。或者改成：
Some people relentlessly cut down trees. Therefore, some animals are in danger of losing their habitat.
2. 使用相对罕见的显性连接词
这一点其实主要是考大家的词汇量。如on the ground that / on grounds that（根据/基于）, on the basis of / bad on（在……的基础上），in view of / in light of / given / given that / considering（鉴于）。同样，使用时要注意介词后面接n或doing，带有that的词组后面接完整的句子。
例如：Given that he overachieved the sales target, he was promoted to Sales Manager.
3. 显性的动词或形容词
意为“导致”、“引起”的词包括cau, lead to, contribute to, bring about, result in, give ri to等。这些动词前面加“因”，后面加“果”。“因”和“果”皆需n或doing，如果原因只能用句子表达，则需接定语从句。
例如：Some people relentlessly cut down trees, which has led to an alarming loss of animal habitat.
或更简洁的方式则是Relentless deforestation has caud an alarming loss of animal habitat.
还有一种就是“B可归因于A”，是上面一种的逆向表达。相关的表达式有can be attributed to, be attributable to, be owed to, result from, stem from, root in等。
例如：The closure of many physical stores（很多实体店的关闭） is attributable to the covid-19 pandemic.
(其实，看到这里，已经有足够的表达式供我们写作时用了。继续往下看，掌握更多的形式，不仅有助于提升表达的多样性，而且对英语阅读中快速抓取因果关系<往往是考点>也有很大的帮助。)
4. 负向归因
负向归因可翻译成“怪罪于”。相关表达有be responsible for（为……负责）, be blamed on（怪罪于）, be the culprit behind（……是……的罪魁祸首）
例如：The dentary lifestyle is the culprit behind / is responsible for the increasing obesity rate.
The increasing obesity rate is blamed on the dentary lifestyle.
（不断上升的肥胖率应归罪于久坐不动的生活方式）
5. 关于“使能够”的表达
如allow, enable, make it possible for sb to do。例如：The extension of the metro line allows the people living in the suburb to reach the city center within one hour.
这一句中，the extension of the metro line就是“因”，the people living in the suburb reach the city center within one hour就是“果”。
6. 关于“取决于”的表达
如depend on, be contingent on, be determined by。
例句：Whether you will be enrolled by the university depends on your performance in the interview as well as your academic scores.
7. 其他隐性动词
如breed（酿成）, foster（促成）。
例如：Long-time unemployment bred his rentment against the government.
(长期失业导致他对政府心生怨恨)
Doing volunteer work can foster students’ n of responsibility.
8. 定语从句
例如：Tho who are always conscientious at work will be rewarded by the company.
看出来了吗：“因”就是“工作敬业”，“果”就是“得到公司的奖赏”。
又如：This book, from which I can communicate with the late wi men (已故的智者), is a spiritual guide in my life.
9. 副词或副词词组
例如no wonder, unsurprisingly。
He spent 4 hours dancing every day last year. No wonder he won the first prize in the talent competition.
10. 虚拟语气
例句：If it had not been for your help, I would not have won the bid.
这句话等于Due to your help, I won the bid.
看到这里，相信大家多少了解了因果逻辑的多样性表达。当然，实际情况肯定是多于以上10种，而且以上10种不是在任何情况下都是通用的，但是体现的逻辑是十分相似的。
