宾语从句讲义
一、定义:在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,
也可做介词的宾语。
例:He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
二、宾语从句三要素:引导词、语序、时态
1、引导词
(1) 陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略。
例:We should learn from each other. We all know.
→We all know(that)we should learn from each other.
(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,引导词后要用陈述句语序。
例:Do you have been to America? Plea tell me.
→Plea tell me if/whether you have been to America.
注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用,但有些情况例外。
a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 。
例: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时,只用whether。
例: Plea let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether you go or not?
c. if当“如果”讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether。
(3)特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。
例:How can I get to the station? Could you tell me ?
→Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
2、语序
在含有宾语从句的复合句中,不管充当宾语从句的句子原来是什么语序,构成宾语从句时,一定要用陈述语序。
*当从句的原句为以下句子以及what、who作主语时,语序不变。
What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening?
例:Can you tell me who is over there?
3、时态
a.当主句是一般现在时或祈使句时,从句时态可根据实际情况而定。“主现从不限”
例:Do you know(when John was born)?
b.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的某种时态。“主过从也过”
例:I didn't know (if/whether he had en the film.)
注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。
例:He said (that the earth moves round the sun.)
The teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound.)
三、宾语从句的否定转移
在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称(I、we),谓语动词是think、believe、suppo等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词是否定形式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
例:I think. He can’t swim.
→I don’t think he can swim.
宾语从句小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;
主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;
主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;
陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。