Amplification , also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. As a matter of principle, a translator is not suppod to add any meaning to or subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his/her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic u of the language to be translated into. In fact, it is precily for the purpo of “faithful reprentation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”. This is becau English and Chine are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background. Besides, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and shorthand words, etc. That are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make n to people abroad. Therefore, it is unimaginable for a translator to stick to the orginal pattern without alteration.
Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chine Translation
1.Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original
"if so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?" “既然那么阔，干吗要叫穷？既然那么穷，干吗摆阔气？”
·Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。
·The be conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest. 最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。
·In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique. 晚上在参加宴会﹑出席音乐会﹑观看兵乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公报。
2.Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives
·Heated, water will change into vapor. 水如受热，就会汽化。
·However carefully boiler casings and steam pipes are aled, some heat escapes and is lost. 不管锅炉壳于蒸汽管封闭得多么严密，还是有以部分热散失损耗掉。
·Since are has weight, it exerts force on any object immerd in it.因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何一物体都会受到空气的作用力。
3.Amplification by Supplying Words to Convey the Concept of Plurality
·
Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation. 请注意，“速度”和“速率”这两个词需要解释。
·There were rows of hous which he had never en before. 那一排排的房子都是他从来没有见过的。
·The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。
4.Amplification by Supplying Words to Make an Abstract Concept Clear
·Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。
·This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become uful in electronic computers.
这种在甚低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。
·After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。
5.Amplification for Logic
·
Air pressure decres with altitude. 气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。
·According to scientists, it takes nature 500years to create an inch of topsoil. 根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。
·This shows that the resistance of an electric conductor is inverly proportional to its cross-ction area. 这表明，导体电阻的大小于导体横切面的大小成反比。
6.Amplification by Supplying Words of Generalization(概括性)
·The Americans and Japane conducted a completely cret exchange of message. 美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。
·The thesis summed up the new achievements made in elecronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.论文总结了电子计算机，人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。
·The principal functions that may be performed by cacuum tubes are retification, amplification, oscilation, modulation, and dection. 真空管的五大主要功能是：整流，放大，振荡，调制和检波。
7.Amplification for Purpos of Rhetoric(修辞)or Coherence(连贯)
·This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.这部打自己真是价廉物美。
·Yes, I like Chine food. Lots of people do the days. Sort of the fashion. 不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人都喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！
·A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypothes, his theories and his conclusions. 科学家经常设法否定自己的假设，推翻自己的理论，并放弃自己的结论。
8.Amplification by Repetition
·Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity. 不要在过冷，过热，灰尘过重，湿度过大的情况下使用次电脑。
·I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble. 我曾经遇到的情况，不是氧气设备出故障，就是隐情出故障，或者两者都出故障。
·Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是恐惧的根源，也是钦佩的根源。
Ⅱ. Amplification in Chine –English Translation
1.Adding Necessary Pronouns
·大作收到，十分高兴。I was very glad to have received your writing.
·没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
·交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。Before handing in your translation ,you have to read it over and over again and e if there is anyghing in it to be corrected or improved.
2.Adding Necessary Articles
·我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.
·耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。The ear is the organ which is ud for hearing. The no is ud for smelling. The tongus is ud for tasting.
3.Adding Necessary Connectives
·老师在等我，我得走了。The teacher is expecting me, so I must be off now.
·虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
·留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
4.Adding Necessary Prepositions
·咱们校门口见吧。Let’s meet at the schllo gate.
·你是白天工作还是夜间工作？Do you work in the daytime or at night?
·该地区已没什么城乡差别。There is little difference between towm and country side in this region.
5.Adding Necessary Background Words
·三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liamg the masterming.
·别班门弄斧. Don’t try to show off your pro ficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter.
·这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。It is just as the proverb goes, “The onlooker es most of the game.”
Reflection
Discuss the following questions.
1.What is the function of amplification? And why is it needed in transltaion?
2.What are the major means employed in amplification?
3.Do you think the application of the technique of amplification in
Chine-Englis is just the same as in English-Chine translation? Why or why not?
4.What should a translator do in using the technique of amplification in pratical
translation?
