⽆忧考为⼴⼤考⽣整理了空⽓污染知多少：细数5⼤空⽓污染源，供⼴⼤考⽣参考：
中东部地区持续雾霾天⽓让很多⼈都开始关注空⽓污染这个话题。但是光是关⼼可没有⽤，若想要解决问题，我们先要知道空⽓污染的源头是什么。下⾯⼩编就来细数造成空⽓污染的5⼤污染源：
1. Power Generation
发电污染
Siting fossil fuel power stations in mainly rural areas and distributing the pollution produced more evenly via tall chimneys has resulted in improved urban air quality, though they still remain a major source of pollution, mainly sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
将化⽯燃料发电站建在郊区，造⾼烟囱让污染物更平均地分布在各处，这些当然能让城市的空⽓变得更好。不过，发电依旧是⼀个很⼤的污染源，主要的污染物是⼆氧化硫和⼀氧化氮。
Better dispersion of pollutants emitted by tall chimneys leads to better dilution in the air and thus lower local concentrations of pollutants. This has however led to pollution being disperd more widely and to transboundary air pollution.
⾼的烟囱能够让污染物在空⽓中散布得更均匀，可以更好地稀释污染物，让污染物的浓度降低。然⽽，这却致使污染物分布得更⼴泛，并且会使空⽓污染向其他区域传播。
2. Other Industry and waste disposal
其他⼯业和废物污染源
Although fossil fuel power plants are the major source of industrial air pollution in many countries, all industry and many business, large and small, can be significant local sources of a wide range of air pollutants.
虽然化⽯燃料发电站是很多国家最主要的⼯业造成的空⽓污染，但是所有⼯业以及其他很多⾏业，⽆论⼤⼩，都有可能成为当地各种类型空⽓污染的源头。
All waste has the potential to affect the environment adverly by contaminating the air, soil or water. Poorly managed waste disposal sites (landfill or incineration) can also po a danger to public health, through all the routes.
所有的废弃物都有可能对环境产⽣不利影响，污染空⽓、⼟壤和⽔质。如果不对废物处理处（垃圾填埋场或焚烧⼚）善加处理，这些废物也有可能通过各种途径对公众的健康造成影响。
3. Road Transport
道路交通污染
Air pollution from motor vehicles has, in many countries, replaced coal smoke as the major cau for concern; and the continuing growth in vehicle u means that efforts to reduce emissions from individual vehicles are in danger of being overtaken by increas in the volume of traffic.
机动车辆造成的空⽓污染在很多国家都已经超过了煤烟，成为了的空⽓污染源。持续增加的车辆使⽤数量也意味着：减少单部车辆排放的速度已经快要赶不上车流量增加的速度了。
The air pollutants produced as a result of the u of motor vehicles prent a two-stage problem: primary and condary pollutants. Primary pollutants produced by petrol-powered vehicles include carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, benzene, particulate matter and lead. Much of the lead emitted by vehicles burning leaded petrol emerges as particles. Secondary pollutants produced as a result of the u of petrol-engined vehicles include nitrogen dioxide and ozone.
机动车辆制造的空⽓污染会带来两个阶段的问题：⼀级污染物和⼆次污染物。⼀级污染物是由汽油动⼒车辆产⽣的，包括⼀氧化碳、氧化氮、苯、悬浮颗粒以及铅。很多消耗汽油的车辆所排放的铅最成为空⽓中的悬浮颗粒。⼆次污染物是由汽油引擎车辆产⽣的，包括⼆氧化氮和臭氧。
4. Domestic Sources
⽣活污染源
As temperatures across the region plummeted, domestic burning of coal across northern China becomes the primary source of air pollution. Other important domestic sources of air pollution are:
由于温度骤降，中国北部地区的家庭中燃煤，成为了⼀个主要的空⽓污染源。其他重要⽣活污染源有：
Stoves and cookers produce carbon monoxide. If ventilation is inadequate or appliances poorly maintained, CO may accumulate in dangerous concentrations. Nitrogen dioxide is also generated and concentrations in kitchens will usually exceed tho outdoors when cookers are in u.
炉灶会产⽣⼀氧化碳。如果通风不佳或设备维护不周，⼀氧化碳有可能会在家中聚集，达到会造成危险的浓度。同时还会产⽣的是⼆氧化氮，使⽤炊具时，厨房内的⼆氧化氮浓度会⽐室外的浓度⾼。
Bonfires, garden incinerators and barbecues can be a significant local smoke and odour nuisance. Burning garden waste produces smoke, especially if it is damp and smouldering rather than dry and blazing. The smoke contains CO and
other noxious and irritating compounds. Problems may be caud for asthmatics, bronchitis sufferers or tho with heart conditions. Even if the immediate health risk is small, bonfires add to the general background level of air pollution.
篝⽕、花园⾥的焚化炉和户外烧烤都有可能产⽣⼤量烟雾和难闻的味道。燃烧花园中的废弃物时会产⽣烟雾，特别是废弃物潮湿时，燃烧产⽣的烟雾要⽐⼲燥时产⽣的烟雾多。烟雾中还有⼀氧化碳和其他有毒、刺激性化合物。这些污染对有哮喘、⽀⽓管炎以及⼼脏疾病的⼈来说会造成不良后果。即使在短时间内没有很⼤的健康风险，篝⽕产⽣的污染也会增加⼤环境下的空⽓污染程度。
5. Agriculture
农业污染
Agricultural practices can also be a significant source of nuisance, contributing both to local levels of air pollution and causing odour problems. The main sources of pollution are the burning of agricultural waste, or of crops in the field and large intensive livestock units. Depending on soil type and fertilisation, the nitrogen in the dung and urine of grazing cattle contributes 20-40% of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural land; methane is also emitted by cattle and other ruminants; nitrous oxide and methane are of cour both greenhou gas.
农业活动也有可能成为讨厌的空⽓污染源，即会增加当地的空⽓污染程度，也会产⽣难闻的⽓味。农业污染最主要的的源头是焚烧农业废弃物、农⽥中的农作物，⼤量的牲畜也是⼀⼤农业污染源。⽜的粪便和尿液是农业⼀氧化⼆氮排放的原因之⼀，根据⼟壤类型和⼟壤肥沃程度不同，其排放的⼀氧化⼆氮的⽐例会占到总量的20-40%左右。⽜和其他反刍动物还会排放加完，⽽⼀氧化⼆氮和甲烷都是温室⽓体。
