2021届初三英语中考考点难点指导解疑(十六)
of和for的区别详解| it is adj (for / of) sb to do sth 在同学们学习的过程中,我们对it is adj for sb to do sth这个句式无比纯熟。
但对于it is adj for sb to do sth就知之甚少,或者总也区分不清楚。
即使能分清楚,也是机械记忆,不了解其中的奥秘。
1
用for的情况
It is important for us to study English.
这个句子中important不是形容us的,而是用来描述to study English这件事的。
且
It做形式主语。
所以,这句话可以变更为:To study English is important for us.
总结:用for有两个要点
1. important不是形容sb的,而是描述to do sth的
2. 可以暂停形式主语it的职能,让不定式归位。
类似的形容词:difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible
巧记:把id藏(hide)起来hideid
H: h ard
I: i mportant
D: d ifficult
E: e asy
I: i mpossible
D: d angerous
其实关于有哪些形容词是修饰不定式的,完全可以不去记忆。只要理解了这个形容词是形容人的还是形容事儿的就ok了。
更多例句:
It is very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
= To cross the busy street is is very dangerous for children
≠ Children are dangerous to cross the busy street. (孩子不是危险人物,过马路危险)
It is difficult for children to pass the test.
= To pass the test is difficult for children.
≠ Children are difficult to pass the test. (孩子人不难,做题事儿难)
2
用of的情况
It is very kind of you to help me.
这个句子中,kind不是修饰to help me的,而是修饰人(you)的。
You are kind to help me.
有的同学,非常容易受到母语的干扰,狡辩如下:
帮助我是一件善良的事儿,是一种善良的行为。
我只能告诉你:你按照汉语逻辑,你可以任意翻译,只要有“帮助”、“善良”你就随便添加句义吧。
我们说英语,它是结构化的语言。汉语是表意化的语言。
结构化的意思是说:你必须按照这个结构去理解句义。
表意化的意思是说:句义的表达不受结构太大的限制。
所以,只要你用了of,这个kind就一定是修饰you的。
而且,英语里面的kind,是形容词,只能表示人的品质,它不能表示动作的属性。
错误举例:to help me is kind. 不能人为主观认为:助人为乐是善良的事儿。英语里只有人善良,事儿不能善良。
所以,能用of的形容词,都是形容人的品质的。包括这些:
Kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等等。
品质类形容词,字典里无穷无尽。
勇敢、胆小;
坚强、软弱;
聪明、蠢笨;
和善、虚伪;
勤劳、懒惰;
正直、阴险;
坦诚、狡诈
等等都是,所以具体形容词我们没有必要记忆,只要语文还可以,英语一定没问题。
更多例句:
It is clever of you to work out the problem.
= You are clever to work out the problem.
≠To work out the problem is clever of you.
= To work out the problem can prove that you are clever.
It is brave of you to fight against the monster.
= You are brave to fight against the monster.
≠To fight against the monster is brave of you.
= To fight against the monster can prove that you are brave. 3