1.I’m no wir than before. 我和以前一样一无所知
2.My uncle remembered me on my birthday. 我叔叔/舅舅在我生日那天送了我生日礼物
3.I should know this tune. 我确实听过这首曲子
2.1英汉语言对比
1.主语与主题
● 中国传统哲学主张
● 王力——西洋语言法制(topic prominent)，中国语言人治(subject prominent)
E.g. A dialect is known by every linguist in this room. 有这么一种方言，这间屋子里的每一个语言学家都懂
Practice.
1.I would not believe what he said. 他说的话，我不会相信的
2.I did not remember a single point discusd at the meeting. 会议上讨论的内容，我完全不记得了
3.I know Mr. Wang. 王先生啊，我认识
4.He is the best singer. 唱歌，他最擅长
2.形合与意合
● 古希腊——语词系统与思维系统一致
中国——重直觉，强调意识流
● Hypotaxis (形合)——syntactic devices, lexical equivalence
Parataxis (意合)——mantic connection
● 方梦之——英语句法重形合，多用连词；汉语句法重意合，多用连接词
Compare.
1.Even if the monk can run away,, his temple cannot run with him. 跑的了和尚，跑不了庙
2.Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 打死我也并不说
3.Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后
4.If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?
5.We will not attack unless we are attacked. 人不犯我，我不犯人
Practice.
1.As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 当天天气很好，于是我们决定去爬山
2.My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now. 妹妹在等我，我得马上走了
3.A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 不受外力的影响，运动中的物体能保持匀速直线运动
4.We knew spring was coming as we had en a robin. 看到知更鸟，就知道春天要来了
3.树状与竹状
E.g. The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry becau he had had no days for two days. 男孩哭的心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃了
Practice
1.The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not e them through the most powerful telescope which have been invented. 月球离地球十分遥远，哪怕月球上长着参天大树，哪怕大象在上面行走，我们也无法用现有最高倍的望远镜看到他们
2.Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.
Jefferson逝于1826年，遵照其遗愿，，他的墓碑上写着：《解放宣言》和《弗吉尼亚州信教自由》的作者，弗吉尼亚州大学创始人之墓
4.静态与动态
● 英语——静态语言，喜用名词和介宾
汉语——动态语言，动词可在句中充当各种成分
Practice.
1.Admittance Free. 免票/费/券入场
2.Out of Bounds. 游客止步
3.No Admittance Except on Business. 闲人免进
4.Danger of Death——High Voltage! 高压危险
5.Party officials worked long hour on meagre food, in old caves, by dim lamps. 党员干部
吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是老旧的窑洞，点的是昏暗的油灯，仍长时间的工作
6.What film will be on this evening? 今晚有什么电影上映?
7.He walked around the hou with a gun. 他持着枪，绕着屋子走
8.A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it. 仔细研究了那封信，我们明确了它背后的动机
9.The very first sight of her made him fall in love with her. 他对她一见钟情
2.2英汉文化对比
1.文化心理
①颜色：a fair-haired girl 红人，受宠的人，金发女郎
②动物：Four Asian Tigers 亚洲四小龙
a lion in the way 拦路虎；a lion’s den 虎穴
2.文化价值
“老”：中文表尊敬，E.g.张老；英文有冒犯的意思
3.风俗习惯
“吃了吗？”——How are you?
2.3英汉思维对比
1.思维方式
①时间:不到6岁(中-前后，英-above,under)
②天人合一vs天人对立(中-人作主语，英-物作主语)
2.正反与虚实
①正反
E.g. I have read your article, but I expect to meet an older man. 我读过你的文章，但没想
到你这么年轻
A aman knows that a is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship. 水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的，在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉
"Mine!Mine!"They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, eming never very far away. 他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的，看起来好像伸手可及的美丽的彩虹，大声呼喊"彩虹是我的!是我的!"
Exception.
He was not displead with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, and courage, to want to do it quite that way. 他对于她的直率并没有感到不快…有点生活经验，又有点胆量的人才敢这么做
Practice.
1.Memory, as time goes on, is a lective thing. 随着时间的流逝，记忆会使人忘却一些事情
2.The subversion attempts proved predictably futile. 不出所料，颠覆活动证明毫无意义
3.The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 游击队员宁可战死，也不投降
4.We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy our trust. 我们相信年轻一代不会辜负我们的信任
5.It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同
②虚实
E.g. Wisdom prepares for the worst, but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.
聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴方掘井
Becau of the circuitous and directional flow of waterways, railways often have energy advantage over barges. 由于河道迂回曲折且水流具有方向性，铁路运输相对于水运而言，常常具有节能优势
Practice.
6.The customer-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone’s reach. 这种定制产品如今仅限于富人享受，而将来人人都能买得起
7.In the end things will mend. 车到山前必有路/船到桥头自然直
8.He wanted to learn, to know and to teach. 他想要学习，掌握/增长知识，也愿意把知识教给别人
