Ethic与moral的区别
Ethic 与 moral，都是指⼈的⾏为规范。两个词有什么差别？
其微妙的差别在于，moral定义的是个⼈品格（personal character），⽽ethics强调的是应⽤了这些品格的某个社会体系。换句话说，ethics 所指的⾏为规范或准则，是群体的意志。所以，对于个体来说，他的moral通常是不易变的，然⽽他的ethics则会随外界环境的不同⽽发⽣变化的，这些所谓的外界环境就是不同的社会群体，⽐如国家，社会，企业，职业，家庭等等，不同的群体当然会形成不同的⾏为规范或准则。
英汉词典中，将这两个词都译成“道德”，也有特意将ethic译成“伦理”将moral译成“道德”，⽤以显⽰⼆者的区别的。但查阅了汉语“伦理”与“道德”的区别发现，在汉语中，这⾥强调⼀下，尤其是古汉语中，⼆者的区别并不完全等同于“ethics”和“moral”的区别。对此，这⾥不做细述。但假如将现代汉语的“伦理”与“道德”概念拿来与“ethics”和“moral”对应，或许是可以的，因为，许多现代汉语词汇的概念就是借⽤了现代西⽅科学中的词汇的概念的。然⽽，即使在现代汉语的现代⽤语的翻译中，也还是出现许多混淆，⽐如，professsional ethics 还是被习惯称之为职业道德，⽽不是职业伦理, company ethics译为企业道德，⽽⾮企业伦理，只有social ethics，family ethics，这些词汇中⼈们会习惯于选择伦理这个词，可见，这种现代汉语翻译中的不规范，还是有受到汉语语⾔使⽤者本⾝对伦理的传统理解的影响的。
总之，“Ethic”与“moral”，或者说现代汉语中的“伦理”与“道德”之间的差别在于，前者是集体的意志，⽽后者是个⼈的价值观。
辩护律师是辨别这两个词的区别的⼀个好例⼦。辩护律师都有⾃⼰的个⼈道德准则（moral code），这种道德准则促使他相信杀⼈是不道德的、应当受到谴责的⾏为，然⽽另⼀种道德准则（ethics）却要求他竭尽全⼒为被告当事⼈辩护，哪怕他本⼈知道该当事⼈是有罪的，如果他最终被释放，有可能会给社会带来更⼤的危害。在这⾥，法律的道德规范（legal ethics）必须超越个⼈的道德观，为的是更好地维护⼀个能给予被告⼈公正判决的司法制度。
另⼀个有可能发⽣个⼈道德观于集体道德观之间的冲突的领域是⼯作场所。如果⼀家公司故意模糊企业道德的边界⽽⽆理要求员⼯超时⼯作，那么员⼯就不得不⾯临选择：是选择⼀个⾼压、苛刻、耗时耗神的职业道德，还是选择家庭责任，这⼀被认为是对伴侣和孩⼦应承担的道义。
The difference between ethics and morals can em somewhat arbitrary to many, but there is a basic, albeit subtle, difference. Morals define personal
social system in which tho moralsare applied. In other words, ethics personal character, while ethics stress a social
the group to which the individual belongs. This could be national ethics, point to standards or codes of behavior expected by the group
social ethics, company ethics, professional ethics, or even family ethics. So while a person’s moral code is unchanging, the ethics he or she practices can other-dependent.
usually unchanging
When considering the difference between ethics and morals, it may be helpful to consider a criminal defen lawyer. Though the lawyer’s personal moral code likely finds murder immoral and reprehensible, ethics demand the accud client be defended as vigorously as possible, even when the lawyer knows the party is guilty and that a freed defendant would potentially lead to more crime. Legal ethics must override personal morals for the greater good of upholding a justice system in which the accud are given a fair trial and the procution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Another area in which ethics and morals can clash is at the workplace where company ethics can play against personal morality. Corporate greed that blurs its own ethical lines coupled with unreasonable demands on time can lead to having to choo between a stressful, demanding and c
onsuming work ethic, and family obligations en as moral obligations to spou and children. Converly, people lo jobs every day becau of poor personal morals, employee theft being a common reason for dismissal.
