2014考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

更新时间:2023-05-08 01:46:03 阅读: 评论:0

2014 Text 1
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1、In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work arch”scheme. 为了“让生活更美好”,减少“家庭的扶养”,英国财政部大臣George Osborn,提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
1.1 dependency英/dɪ'pend(ə)nsɪ/ 美/dɪ'pɛndənsi/n. 属国;从属;从属物
1.2 chancellor英/'tʃɑːns(ə)lə/ 美/'tʃænsəlɚ/n. 总理(德、奥等的);(英)大臣;校长(美国某些大学的);(英)大法官;(美)首席法官
1.3 exchequer英/ɪks'tʃekə; eks-/ 美/ɪks'tʃɛkɚ/n. 财源;国库;财政部
2、Only if the jobless arrive at the job center with a CV(Curriculum Vitae), register for online job arch, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有简历--网上找工作的注册书,并且开始找工作,那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。还有什么能比这个更合理?
2.1 curriculum英/kə'rɪkjʊləm/ 美/kə'rɪkjələm/n. 课程,总课程
2.2 vitae英/'viːtaɪ/ 美/ˈvitaɪ/n. 个人简历;血液(vita的复数形式)
2.3 eligible英/'elɪdʒɪb(ə)l/ 美/'ɛlɪdʒəbl/n. 合格者;适任者;有资格者adj. 合格的,合适的;符合条件的;有资格当选的
2.4 fortnightly英/'fɔːtnaɪtlɪ/ 美/'fɔrtnaɪtli/n. 双周刊adj. 隔周发行的;每两周的adv. 隔周地;每两星期一次地
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1、More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a ven-day wait for the jobeker`s allowance. “Tho first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. 下面是更明显的合理性。下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。“最初的这些天应该用来找工作,而不是找注册地。”
2、“We`re doing the things becau we know they help people stay off benefits and help tho on benefits get into w ork faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent sys
tem that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. 他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。”帮助?真的吗?第一次听到这时,这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”,以及对懒惰的补贴。
2.1 indulgent英/ɪn'dʌldʒ(ə)nt/ 美/ɪn'dʌldʒənt/adj. 放纵的;宽容的;任性的
2.2 subsidize英/ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz/ 美/'sʌbsə'daɪz/vt. 资助;给与奖助金;向…行贿
3、What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most derving claimants received their benefits. 我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人,控制支出,以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
3.1 zeal英/ziːl/ 美/zil/n. 热情;热心;热诚
3.2 claimant英/'kleɪm(ə)nt/ 美/'klemənt/n. 原告;[贸易] 索赔人;提出要求者
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1、Losing a job is hurting: You don`t skip down to the job center with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. 失去工作是让人伤心的:你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景,并对此感到高兴。
1.1 hurting v. 伤害;伤心;弄痛(hurt的ing形式)adj. 受伤害的;受损的
2、It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. 失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬,你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
2.1 extraordinarily英/ɪk'strɔːd(ə)n(ə)rəlɪ/ 美/ɪk'strɔdɪn(ə)rəlɪ/adv. 非常;格外地;非凡地
3、You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpo and structure in your life. Wor, the crucial income to feed yourlf and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. 你现在是不被需要的;为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。更糟糕的是,养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。对于最需要什么这个问题,那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字:工作。
3.1 exclude英/ɪk'skluːd; ek-/ 美/ɪk'sklʊd/vt. 排除;排斥;拒绝接纳;逐出excluded adj. 排除的
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1、But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falhood. 但是在奥斯博岛,你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到,那么是永久的扶养,被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
1.1 instinct英/'ɪnstɪŋ(k)t/ 美/'ɪnstɪŋkt/n. 本能,直觉;天性adj. 充满着的
1.2 permanent英/'pɜːm(ə)nənt/ 美/'pɝmənənt/n. 烫发(等于permanent wave)adj. 永久的,永恒的;不变的
1.3 indulge英/ɪn'dʌldʒ/ 美/ɪn'dʌldʒ/vi. 沉溺;满足;放任vt. 满足;纵容;使高兴;使沉迷于…
1.4 falhood英/'fɔːlshʊd; 'fɒls-/ 美/'fɔlshʊd/n. 说谎;假话;不真实;错误的信仰
2、It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job arch and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourlf against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. 这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革,并且没有福利管理体系。现在英国的福利体系原则不再
是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
2.1 as though好像;仿佛tougher较坚强的,较艰苦的(tough的比较级)
2.2 welfare英/'welfeə/ 美/'wɛl'fɛr/n. 福利;幸福;福利事业;安宁adj. 福利的;接受社会救济的
2.3 unconditional英/ʌnkən'dɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ 美/,ʌnkən'dɪʃənl/adj. 无条件的;绝对的;无限制的
3、Even the very phra “jobeker`s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. 即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”,意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
3.1 redefine 英/riːdɪ'faɪn/ 美/,ridɪ'faɪn/vt. 重新定义
4、Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively eking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 确实,这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”,条件是积极地找工作;这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系,一周71,70英镑,没有补贴没有保险。
4.1 instead英/ɪn'sted/ 美/ɪn'stɛd/adv. 代替;反而
4.2 entitlement英/ɪn'taɪt(ə)lmənt/ 美/ɪn'taɪtlmənt/n. 权利;津贴
2014 Text 2
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1、All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. 世界各地,律师比其他职业的人得到更多的不友好的眼光——记者除外。
1.1 hostility英/hɒ'stɪlɪtɪ/ 美/hɑ'stɪləti/n. 敌意;战争行动
2、But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. 但是,世界上很少有国家像美国那样委托人有会如此多的抱怨。
2.1 client英/'klaɪənt/ 美/'klaɪənt/n. [经] 客户;顾客;委托人
2.2 ground英/graʊnd/ 美/ɡraʊnd/n. 地面;土地;范围;战场;根据v. 研磨(grind的过去分词);压迫adj. 土地的;地面上的;磨碎的;磨过的vt. 使接触地面;打基础;使搁浅vi. 着陆;搁浅
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1、During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal rvices in America grew twice as fast as inflation. 在经济危机前的十年里,法律服务的花费的增长速度是通货膨胀速度的两倍。
1.1 inflation英/ɪn'fleɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/ɪn'fleʃən/n. 膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡
2、The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.最好的律师赚了能填满摩天大楼的钱,吸引更多的学生扎堆进入法律学校。但是大多数的法律毕业生从没得到大公司的工作。
2.1 skyscraper英/'skaɪskreɪpə/ 美/'skaɪ'skrepɚ/n. 摩天楼,超高层大楼;特别高的东西
2.2 pile英/paɪl/ 美/paɪl/n. 堆;大量;建筑群vt. 累积;打桩于vi. 挤;堆积;积累
3、Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. 他们中的很多成为一种让人讨厌的诉讼文员,使侵权系统变为花费昂贵的恶梦。
3.1 nuisance英/'njuːs(ə)ns/ 美/'nusns/n. 讨厌的人;损害;麻烦事;讨厌的东西
3.2 lawsuit英/'lɔːsuːt; -sjuːt/ 美/'lɔsut/n. 诉讼(尤指非刑事案件);诉讼案件
3.3 filer英/'failə/ 美/'failə/n. 锉磨工人;文件编档员;文件装钉员
3.4 tort英/tɔːt/ 美/tɔrt/n. 侵权行为
3.5 costly英/'kɒs(t)lɪ/ 美/'kɔstli/adj. 昂贵的;代价高的
3.6 nightmare英/'naɪtmeə/ 美/'naɪt'mɛr/n. 恶梦;梦魇般的经历adj. 可怕的;噩梦似的Paragraph 3
1、There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. 对此是有很多原因的。其中一个是法律教育的过高的成本。
1.1 excessive英/ɪkˈsɪv/ 美/ɪkˈsɛsɪv/adj. 过多的,极度的;过分的
2、There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. 在美国大多数州的律师来说只有一条路可以选择:一个四年的与法律无关的本科学历,然后是在200个法律学校中的一个得到三年的法律证书,这些学校是被美国法律协会授权的,并且在进入之前还要通过一个昂贵的预备考试。
2.1 bar英/bɑː/ 美/bɑr/n. 条,棒;酒吧;障碍prep. 除……外vt. 禁止;阻拦
2.2 American Bar Association美国律师协会
3、This leaves today`s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard. 这为当今的法律学校的每个学生带来一个平均为10万美元的债务,这是所有专业大学生中最高的债务。法律学校的债务意味着其许多的学生不能进入政府和非营利性组织工作,因此他们不得不极度努力地工作。
3.1 fearsome英/'fɪəs(ə)m/ 美/'fɪrsəm/adj. 可怕的;害怕的;极大的
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1、Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conrvative to implement them. 改革这个体系将会对律师及其委托人都有好处。明智的想法已经存在一段时间了,但是在国家层面上会体现出,控制这个专业太过守旧,以至于无法实行。
1.1 nsible英/'nsɪb(ə)l/ 美/'sɛnsəbl/n. 可感觉到的东西;敏感的人adj. 明智的;明显的;意识到的;通晓事理的
2、One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students si
t for the bar after only two years of law school. 一个观点是允许大学生学习法律作为本科文凭。还有一个是在法律学校学习两年后就允许其参加法庭。
3、If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, tho who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. 如果这法律考试对于那些准律师来说是足够严厉的话,那些可以提前参加考试的人就该被允许那样做。那些不需要额外训练的学生就可以减少其三分之一的债务。
3.1 stern英/stɜːn/ 美/stɝn/n. 船尾;末端adj. 严厉的;坚定的
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1、The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. 花费如此高的另一个原因就是商业的限制性的所有制结构。
1.1 restrictive英/rɪ'strɪktɪv/ 美/rɪ'strɪktɪv/n. 限制词adj. 限制的;限制性的;约束的
1.2 guild英/gɪld/ 美/ɡɪld/n. 协会,行会;同业公会
2、Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps f
ees high and innovation slow. 除了哥伦比亚区,非律师可能不被允许持有法律公司的股份。这使得佣金居高不下,而且革新非常缓慢。
2.1 district英/'dɪstrɪkt/ 美/'dɪstrɪkt/n. 区域;地方;行政区
3、There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulator s insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolate s lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than rve clients ethically. 在业内进行改革是有压力的,但是监管者中的改革反对者坚持认为禁止外部人员进入法律公司将律师从赚钱的压力中隔离出来,并且能在道德上为顾客服务。
3.1 opponent英/ə'pəʊnənt/ 美/ə'ponənt/n. 对手;反对者;敌手adj. 对立的;敌对的
3.2 regulator英/'regjʊleɪtə/ 美/'rɛɡjuletɚ/n. 调整者;监管者;校准器
3.3 isolate英/'aɪsəleɪt/ 美/aɪslˌet/n. [生物] 隔离种群vt. 使隔离;使孤立;使绝缘adj. 隔离的;孤立的vi. 隔离;孤立
3.4 ethically英/'eθikli/ 美/'ɛθɪkli/adv. 伦理上
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1、In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve rvices to customers, by encouraging law firms to u technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms` efficiency. 实际上,允许非律师持有法律公司的股份能够减少成本并提升对客户的服务,具体可以通过鼓励法律公司运用科技,雇佣职业管理者重点提升公司的效率。
1.1 efficiency英/ɪ'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ/ 美/ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ/n. 效率;效能;功效
2、After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 毕竟,澳大利亚和英国等国已经自由化了它们的法律行业。美国也应紧随其后。
2.1 liberalize英/'libərəlaiz/ 美/'lɪbrəlaɪz/vt. 使自由化;宽大vi. 自由化
2014 Text 3
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1、The US $ 3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year`s award in March. 美国的这个300万的基础物理学奖确实是一个有趣的实验,当Alexander Polyakov在今年领奖的时候如此说道。
1.1 physics英/'fɪzɪks/ 美/'fɪzɪks/n. 物理学;物理现象
2、And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discuss, a string of lucrative awards for rearchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.而这样奖项不仅仅只有一种。科学杂志的一篇新闻特辑这样评论,近些年来,颁发给研究者的一系列的合算的奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的阵营。
2.1 string英/strɪŋ/ 美/strɪŋ/ n. 线,弦,细绳;一串,一行  a string of一系列,一串
2.2 lucrative英/'luːkrətɪv/ 美/'lukrətɪv/adj. 有利可图的,赚钱的;合算的
3、Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. The benefactor s have succeeded in their chon fields, they say, and they want to u their wealth to draw attention to tho who have succeeded in science. 许多像基础物理学奖这样的奖项是有网络巨头建立的,他们庞大的银行账户就是这些奖项的保证。科学杂志说,这些捐助者在他们自己的领域里取得了成功,他们想用自己的财富吸引公众对那些在科学领域有成就的人的注意力。
3.1 entrepreneur英/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ 美/ˌɑntrəprəˈnɝ/n. 企业家;承包人;主办者
3.2 benefactor英/'benɪfæktə/ 美/'bɛnɪfæktɚ/n. 恩人;捐助者;施主
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1、What`s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. 这有什么是让人不喜欢的呢?根据新闻特辑里引证的少数科学家来看,确实有许多让人不能欣赏的地方。
1.1 quote英/kwəʊt/ 美/kwot/n. 引用vi. 报价;引用;引证vt. 报价;引述;举证
1.2 handful英/'hæn(d)fʊl; -f(ə)l/ 美/'hænd,fʊl/n. 少数;一把;棘手事
2、You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and the upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobles, The new awards are an exerci in lf-promotion for tho behind them, say scientists. 就像谚语所说的:等级是买不到的,那些有钱的企业家给他们的奖项买不到诺贝尔奖的威望。科学家们说,这些新的奖项是它们背后创办者实施的一种自我推销。T
2.1 upstart英/'ʌpstɑːt/ 美/'ʌpstɑrt/n. 暴发户;自命不凡的人;傲慢自负的人adj. 暴富的;自命不凡的vt. 使…突然跳起;使…崛起vi. 突然跳起;崛起
2.2 prestige英/pre'stiː(d)ʒ/ 美/prɛ'stidʒ/n. 威望,声望;声誉adj. 令人敬仰的;受尊重的;贵重的
2.3 promotion英/prə'məʊʃn/ 美/prə'moʃən/n. 提升,[劳经] 晋升;推销,促销;促进;发扬,振兴
3、They could distort the achievement-bad system of peer-review-led rearch. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed rearch. They do not fund peer-reviewed rearch. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. 这些奖项可能会扭曲以成就为基础的同业审查指引研究工作系统。这巩固了同业审查研究的现状。他们并没有资助同业审查研究。他们使孤独天才的神话长存。
3.1 distort英/dɪ'stɔːt/ 美/dɪ'stɔrt/vt. 扭曲;使失真;曲解vi. 扭曲;变形
3.2 cement英/sɪ'ment/ 美/sə'mɛnt/n. 水泥;接合剂vt. 巩固,加强;用水泥涂;接合vi. 粘牢
3.3 quo英/'kwəʊ/ 美/kwo/vt. 说quo of ……的现状
3.4 perpetuate英/pə'petʃʊeɪt; -tjʊ-/ 美/pɚ'pɛtʃuet/vt. 使不朽;保持adj. 长存的Paragraph 3
1、The goals of the prize-givers em as scattered as the criticism. 这些奖项的发放者的目标像对他们的评论一样分散。

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