Remark（评价）秦始皇
Some people think he is a topping emperor
In Chine history，Qin shi huang is the first emperor who has rare gifts and bold strategy.He united the six countries，making China become the largest empire in ly a few people can be compared with him in Chine emperors about his great achievements.
Some people consider him as a brutal emperor“Fen Shu Keng Ru”destroyed many classic books and kill many Confucian scholars.He built luxurious E Pang Gong and Li Shan Tomb.What's more，for the sake of medicine against death，he nt thousands of people to East Sea，which deepened the people's miry.
简答题、论述题
Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity
1.What does filial＂piety”mean accordimg to Confucius孔子认为孝
是什么意思？How do you understand你是怎么理解的？
Confucius regarded"filial piety and fraternal dutyas the esnce of
ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong)quotes Confucius as
saving. The greatest love for people is the love of its parents孔子把“孝与兄弟的责任”视为仁的本质。中庸援引孔子的话：“人
最伟大的爱是父母的爱I think filial piety is the basis of being a man, and parents are the most important people in the world. Our life is given by our parents, and we should always be grateful to our parents
我认为孝顺是成为人的基础，父母是世界上最重要的人。我们的
生命是由父母给予的，我们应该永远感激我们的父母。
2.What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of“life”Plea
illustrate it with an exam。儒家“生命”哲学强调什么？请举例说
In the Confucian philosophy of life", love for and kindness toward
all living things are emphasized。在儒家的“生命”哲学中，强调对一切生命的热爱和善待。
3.What s the meaning of“ren”（仁）（ benevolence） according
Confucius（根据孔子，“仁”是什么意思？）？
Confucius interpreted ren as"love of people, which begins with the
love for ones parents。孔子把仁解释为“对人民的爱”，从“爱父母”开始。
4. According to Confucius, what qualities are persons of virtue
suppod to have根据孔子的说法，“品德人”应该具备什么素质？“persons of virtue”should have sound character and uplifted
minds. Such persons should be able to shoulder important social
responsibilities and to make contributions to society. Confucius regarded
lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the six arts as the general
principles of education. Of the, virtue was the most important。
“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的头脑，这样的人才能承担起
重要的社会责任，为社会做出贡献。他认为崇高的理想，伟大的美德
对人民的热爱，和“六艺”作为教育的基本原则。其中，美德是最重
要的。
5.Why does our Kongzi become Confucius in the west?
Confucius is a Latinized name bestowed upon Kongzi by Jesuit missionaries in the 18th century, which is a critical time when missionaries introduced Chine culture to the West。
6.What is Confucius view on Heaven according to the lines?
Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four asons and the growth of all1 iving things（天何言？四时行焉，百物兰焉，天何言哉？）．＂ー Selected from The Analects
Confucius regarded Heaven" as nature-confucius believes that nature is not a lifeless mechanism parate from human; instead, it is a great world full of life and the process of creating life. Human is part of nature。
7.How is Confucian concept of Heaven related to the modern
ecological civilization?
Confucius regarded Heaven'as nature and the source of life, and required people to hold Heaven in awe. This is the source of the modern ecological civilization.Ren (仁)and li（礼)are the two core concepts of Confucius doctrine about people.
8. Why do people need to study music according to Confucius?
According to Confucius, studying music can lift ones spirit and help one
appreciate beauty
9.What did Confucius think of Zeng Dian's(曾点)aspiration?
Confucius thought highly of Zeng Dian's aspiration and regarded harmony among people and harmony between people and nature as the highest state of life.
Unit 2 Laozi's philosophy of non-action
1.How do vou understand“ the great virtue is like wate你是怎么理解上善若水的
Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing". To Laozi, humans tend to ek higher positions while water always flows to lower places. Driven by desire, humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior. Yet water always flows downward As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth。水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带来生命
2.Why is Li Ran known as Laozi rather than Lizi?
