英语中元音和辅音（母音和子音）的分类表
英 语 音 标（采用口腔后部发声法发音） | 发音特征 |
元 音*母音 | 单元音 | 声带振动 | 前元音：[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A] | 发音清晰响亮 | 气流通畅 |
中元音：[Q] [E] [E: / \:] |
后元音：[B:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u] |
双元音 | 振动 | [ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu] |
辅 音*子音 | 哑辅音 | 不振动 | [p][t][k] [f][s][W][F] [h] [tF][tr][ts] | 发音含糊晦涩 | 气流受阻 |
浊辅音 | 振动 | [b][d][g] [v][z][T][V] [r] [dV][dr][dz] [m][n][N] [l]/[l] [w][j ] |
辅音连缀 | [pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw] [Wr] [pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju |
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三、英语拼音怎么来拼读：(也就是单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似)
（拼读规则：以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。）
拼读口诀：元音为中心，划分音节、按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻/闭音节读短音。例子：he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,
四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则（或一般规律）：
1. 为什么要掌握字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律？目的只有一个，让我们能够做到------见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要反过来，学会语音认字（类似我们的拼音认字），通过多加练习，逐步达到听音写字、音义结合的水平。第三步是形义结合，练习英语汉语意义对应翻译。
例1：假如你知道字母组合ee一般发音是[i:] (规律), 那么，meet这个单词就脱口而出了。
单词(词形)： meet 词义：遇见；初次见面/认识；满足迎合；迎接/出迎。
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
例 2：单词(词形)：which 词义：哪个，哪些
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
例 3：单词(词形)：who 词义：谁的？
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
例 4：单词(词形)：pl ea 词义：请，求你了,
[ __-__-__ ] → [ ] 读音/音标
2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律：（要求熟记于心，脱口而出）
总口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。
字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律，划分音节顺口连，
元音字母在中间，辅音字母两边站，字母组合算一个，熟能生巧难亦简。
辅音字母发音小口诀：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例词：blue, table, Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garage
h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, who, plea, sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x 发音剪头端，[ks]多于[gz]面； six, pencil-box, excu, exerci; exam, (后接重读元音)
t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念； teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, which, white
最后一个字母z，发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
辅音字母一见发音表：
b | c | d | f | g | h | j | k | l | m | n |
[b] | [k]cap | [d] | [f] | [g]egg | [h] | [dV] | [k] | [l] | [m] | [n] |
| [s]city | | | [dV] | | | | [-l] | | [N]g/k |
table | rice | bed | coffee | orange | high | jeep | book | blue | meet | no |
blue | bicycle | dog | fly | garbage | hello | Japan | keep | ball | room | pen |
| | | | [V]garage | | | | table | | thank |
p | q | r | s | t | v | w | x | (y) | z | |
[p] | [k] | [r] | [s]desk | [t] | [v] | [w] | [ks] | [j]yes | [z] | |
| | [-r] | [z]easy | | | | [gz] | [ai]my | | |
pencil | quick | ro | [V]usually | sit | voice | wash | box | [i]busy | zoo | |
open | quarter | sorry | pleasure | teacher | invite | swim | exam | very | zero | |
| | teacher | [F]sure | little | | | | quickly | freeze | |
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常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)；
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词：
wh发音 [h] 和 [w],
wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] who, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；
th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
(t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch cha(追赶，追击，追求),
[ ] ache, headache, chemist [ ] machine[mE`FEn], chai [Feiz] (带篷二轮马车)
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)； sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash
ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phra gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, cough
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭)
ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球形把手, 旋钮),
knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》，金山公司出品的游戏修改软件),
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungry
qu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet (安静的，平静的), quarter, require,
[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一，独有独特的), technique(技巧),
wr 发卷趋 [r],
wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞，扭)
双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：e, zoo, book}
ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,
ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),
