法律翻译之状语从句
由于法律语言逻辑性非常强,因而作者在写法律语言时一般都表现处比拟明显的逻辑关系。而逻辑关系比拟常见的表现方式时状语从句。英语中的状语从句一般包括条件状语从句、转机状语从句、时间状语从句、因果状语从句等。在翻译这几种状语从句时,能够依照它们的逻辑关系和中文表达习惯来进展翻译。在表达中文译文时,能够用中文中所对应的一些关系词,如由于hellip;因而hellip;,假如hellip;那么hellip;,尽管hellip;但是hellip;,在hellip;。时hellip;,在hellip;之前或之后hellip;,但是等。此外,在对这几种状语从句进展翻译时,可对译文的语序进展适当调整,所以有时也不需要调整。
1、The valuation determined by the Independent Apprair shall be the valuation adopted by the Parties for purpos of this provision save that where the valuation is a State-owned ast valuation required by Applicable Laws, the Parties may agree an adjustment to such valuation where and to the extent permitted under Applicable Laws.
参考译文:在本条中,由独立评估师确定的价值为双方认定的合营公司价值。但假如相关法律就国有资产的保全另有规定,双方可同意对上述评估价值在相关法律同意的范围内进展调整。
解释:原文中的where the valuation is a State-owned ast valuation required by Applicable Laws“状语从句,在译文中就按照中文的表达习惯和逻辑关系被翻译成了假如相关法律就国有资产的保全另有规定“。其中save that“的本意是除了hellip;之外“,但依照中文的表达习惯和逻辑关系,在译文中被翻译成了但是“。整个句子被翻译成两个句子,两个句子之间的关系是一种转机关系。如此,译文既表达了作者的原意,又到达了译文必须通畅大的目的。
2、Notwithstanding claus (a) and (b) of this Article 5.6 above, the Assigning Party may transfer all or part of its amount of the registered capital of the Company to an Affiliate (the Affiliate Assignee“) of the Assigning Party on the following conditions:
参考译文:尽管有上述5.6 条(a)、(b)款的规定,转让方可将持有的合营公司注册资本份额部分或全部按以下条款转让给其某一关联机构(关联受让方“):
解释:原文中的Notwithstanding claus (a) and (b) of this Article 5.6 above“尽管只是一个短语,但依照上下文的意思和逻辑关系以及中文的表达习惯,在译文中它依然被翻译成了一种让步状语从句。
3、the Assigning Party shall acknowledge and agree that to the extent that the Affiliate Assignee fails to perform any obligation hereunder, the Assigning Party is not relead from, and remains jointly and verally liable with the Affiliate Assignee for, the full performance of the provisions of this Contract and any damages for the breach thereof.
参考译文:转让方应承诺假如关联受让方未能履行本合同项下的义务,转让方并不因而解除该义务,仍对本合同条款的全部履行和任何违约所致的损失与关联受让方承担连带责任。
解释:在原文中,to the extent that“的原意是指在hellip;范围内“,但在译文中,译者按照上下文意思和前后文的逻辑关系,将之翻译为假如hellip;。,那么hellip;“。
4、The Parties acknowledge that if the Company achieves the operations, revenue an
d earnings targets anticipated by the Parties, one or more increas in the registered capital of the Company will be required to support the expansion of the Company’s business.
参考译文:假如双方一致认为要使合营公司到达双方预期的运营、收入和利润目的,合营公司需要进展一次或屡次增资以习惯合营公司业务的开展。
解释:原文的宾语从句是一个条件状语从句。译者在对其进展翻译时,按照原文语序将其翻译为一个条件状语从句。
5、In the event that the Companylsquo;s operations are reduced substantially from the scale of operation originally anticipated by the Parties, or the Company experiences substantial and continuing loss resulting in negative retained earnings not anticipated by the Parties in the agreed Business Plan, or in any other circumstance permitted under Applicable Laws or agreed by the Parties, the Parties may agree to reduce the registered capital of the Company on a pro rata basis.
参考译文:假如合营公司的运营规模比双方原来预期的规模有大幅度缩减,或合营公司持续遭受严峻亏损,导致在双方商定的业务打算中所未预期的盈余保存负数,或在任何相关法律同意或双方一致同意的情况下,那么双方能够协议按原有出资比例减资。
解释:在英文法律英语中,if、in the event that、in the ca that、where等词一般来说都表示一种条件关系。在翻译这种条件关系的句子时,一般都将之翻译为条件关系状语从句。在该句中,译者就将之翻译为以假如hellip;那么hellip;“为关系词的条件状语从句。
6、The Chairman, following consultation with the Vice Chairman, shall decide on the timing and location of such interim Board meeting, provided that such interim Board meeting shall be held not less than [fifteen (15)] days and not more than [forty-five (45)] days following delivery of such request.
参考译文:董事长经与副董事长协商后,应确定此次临时董事会会议的时间和地点,但是举行该临时董事会会议的时间必须在提议提交后十五日到四十五日之间。
解释:provided that“或providing that“等词在法律语言中是一个常见的用词,其意思是但
是“、条件“等。在翻译含有这种词的法律句子时,能够将翻译为一种转机状语从句。在本句中,译者就将其翻译为但是“,将原文翻译成为一种转机性状语从句。
7、The fees of the expert shall be paid by [the Company] [the Parties pro rata to their respective interests in the registered capital of the Company unless the expert determines that the conduct of one Party in relation to the matter in question is so egregious that it alone should pay the fees of the expert].
参考译文:专家的费用应由[合营公司]或[双方按其在公司注册资本中的比例按比例]分担[除非由于一方的行为与该待决事项有非同平常的严密联络,专家决定应由该方单独承担专家费用].
解释:unless“一词的含义是除非hellip;否那么hellip;。“,译者在翻译这种状语从句时,能够按照原意将其翻译成为一种转机性状语从句。
8、Given the requirement that all transfers of registered capital must be approved by the original examination and approval authority, and becau such original examination
and approval authority will require signed connts, waivers of pre-emptive rights and unanimous board resolutions, it is very difficult to achieve and put into effect a deemed connt to any transfer as provided in this Article 5.6(b)。
参考译文:假设存在一项关于注册资本的所有转让均必须通过原审批机关批准的规定,而且由于该原审批机关要求公司提供通过签署的同意书、优先权放弃书和通过一致通过的董事会决议,那么按照的5.6(b)的规定,对任何此等转让的假定同意就非常难实现和生效。
解释:原文中,becau所引导的从句是一个缘故状语从句,在译文中译者也将其翻译为缘故状语从句。所以在原文中,这个缘故状语从句是套在Given“这个词所引导的条件状语从句中的,因而在译文中,becau“引导的缘故从句依然在假设“引导的条件状语从句中。