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Quick Start Tutorial
Dips is a program designed for the interactive analysis of orientation
bad geological data. This quick start tutorial will familiarize the ur
with some of the basic features of Dips.
If you have not already done so, run Dips by double-clicking on the Dips
icon in your installation folder. Or from the Start menu, lect Programs
→ Rocscience → Dips → Dips.
If the Dips application window is not already maximized, maximize it
now, so that the full screen is available for viewing the data. Example.dip File
In your Dips installation folder you will find an Examples folder,
containing veral example Dips files. This Quick Start tutorial will u
the Example.dip file in the Examples folder. To open the Example.dip
file:
Select: File → Open
Navigate to the Examples folder in your Dips installation folder, and open
the Example.dip file.
You should e the spreadsheet view shown in Figure 1. A Dips file is always opened by displaying a spreadsheet view of the data. The Dips
spreadsheet is also called the Grid View throughout this manual. Maximize the Grid View.
Figure 1: Grid View of Example.dip file.
We won’t worry about the details of this file yet, except to note that it contains 40 rows, and the following columns: Two Orientation Columns
A Quantity Column
A Traver Column
Three Extra Columns
In the next tutorial, we will discuss how to create the EXAMPLE.DIP file from scratch.
Pole Plot
Creating a Pole Plot is just one mou click away. Select the Pole Plot
option from the toolbar or the View menu.
Select: View → Pole Plot
A new view displaying a Pole Plot will be generated, as shown below.
Figure 2: Pole Plot of EXAMPLE.DIP data.
Each pole on a Pole Plot reprents an orientation data pair in the first
two columns of a Dips file.
The Pole Plot can also display feature attribute information, bad on the
data in any column of a Dips file, with the Symbolic Pole Plot option. This
is covered later in this tutorial.
Convention
As you move the cursor around the stereonet, notice that the cursor
orientation coordinates are displayed in the Status Bar.
The format of the orientation coordinates can be toggled with the
Convention option in the Setup menu.
If the Convention is Pole Vector, the coordinates will be in
Trend / Plunge format, and reprent the cursor (pole) location
directly. This is the default tting.
If the Convention is Plane Vector, the coordinates will correspond to the Global Orientation Format of the current
document (e.g. Dip/DipDirection , Strike/DipRight ,
Strike/DipLeft), and reprent the PLANE corresponding to the
cursor (pole) location.
TIP: the quickest and most convenient way of toggling the Convention is to click on the box in the Status Bar to the left of the coordinate display, with the LEFT mou button.
The Convention also affects the format of certain data listings in Dips (e.g. the Major Planes legend, the Edit Planes and Edit Sets dialogs), and the format of orientation data input for certain options (e.g. Add Plane and Add Set Window dialogs).
NOTE: THE CONVENTION OPTION DOES NOT AFFECT THE PLOTTING OF DATA, OR THE VALUES IN THE GRID IN ANY WAY !! Poles are ALWAYS plotted using the Trend and Plunge of the pole vector with respect to the reference sphere, regardless of the tting of the Convention option.
Legend
Note that the Legend for the Pole Plot (and all stereonet plots in Dips) indicates the:
Projection Type (Equal Angle) and
Hemisphere (Lower Hemisphere).
The can be changed using Stereonet Options in the Setup menu (Equal Area and Upper Hemisph
ere options can be ud). However, for this tutorial, we will u the default projection options.
Note that the Legend also indicates “61 Poles, 40 Entries”.
The EXAMPLE.DIP file has 40 rows, hence “40 entries”.
The Quantity Column in this file allows the ur to record multiple identical data units in a single row of the file. Hence the
40 data entries actually reprent 61 features, hence “61 poles”. Let’s move on to the Scatter Plot.
Scatter Plot
While the Pole Plot illustrates orientation data, single pole symbols may
actually reprent veral unit measurements of similar orientation.
Select the Scatter Plot option from the toolbar or the View menu, to
generate a Scatter Plot.
Select: View → Scatter Plot
A Scatter Plot allows the ur to better view the numerical distribution of
the measurements, since coincident pole and cloly neighbouring pole
measurements are grouped together with quantities plotted symbolically.
The Scatter Plot Legend indicates the number of poles reprented by
each symbol.
Let’s move on to the Contour Plot, which is the main tool for analyzing
pole concentrations on a stereonet.
Contour Plot
Select the Contour Plot option from the toolbar or the View menu, and a
Contour Plot will be generated.
Select: View → Contour Plot
Figure 3: Contour Plot of EXAMPLE.DIP data.
The Contour Plot clearly shows the data concentrations. It can be en that there are three data clusters in the EXAMPLE.DIP file, including one that wraps around to the opposite side of the stereonet.
Since this file only contains 40 data entries, the data clustering in this ca was apparent even on the Pole Plot. However, in larger Dips files, which may contain hundreds or even thousands of entries, cluster recognition will not necessarily be visible on Pole or Scatter Plots, and Contour Plots are necessary to identify major data concentrations.
Weighted Contour Plot
Since this file contains Traver information (Travers are discusd in the next tutorial), a Terzaghi Weighting can be applied to Contour Plots, to correct for sampling bias introduced by data collection along Travers. To apply the Terzaghi Weighting to the Contour Plot:
Select: View → Terzaghi Weighting
Note the change in the Contour Plot. Applying the Terzaghi Weighting may reveal important data concentrations which were not apparent on the unweighted Contour Plot. The effect of applying the Terzaghi Weighting will of cour be different for each file, and will depend on the data collected, and the traver orientations.
DO NOT USE WEIGHTED CONTOUR PLOTS FOR APPLICATIONS UNLESS YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE LIMITATIONS. For a discussion of sampling bias and the Terzaghi Weighting procedure, e the Dips Help system.
To remove the Terzaghi Weighting and restore the unweighted Contour Plot, simply re-lect the Terzaghi Weighting option.
Select: View → Terzaghi Weighting
Contour Options
Many Contour Options are available which allow you to customize the style, range and number of contour intervals. We will not explore the Contour Options in this tutorial, however, you are encouraged to experiment. Contour Options is available in the Setup menu, or by right-clicking
