高考英语语法:主谓一致的三原则

更新时间:2023-05-07 07:06:08 阅读: 评论:0

高考英语语法:主谓一致的三原则
主谓一致的语法一致原则
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,动词用复数形式:
Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
Her job is teaching French. 他的工作是教法语。
注意事项: 
1. 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语
主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。
The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。
The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道,也学会了开汽车。
A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。
2. 由as well as, as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等连接的并连主语
谓语动词通常与前面一个主语保持一致:
The teacher as well as the students has read it 不仅学生读过它,老师也读过。
The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。
3.由and和and连接的并列主语
如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。
My mother and I have en the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。
注:(1) 当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时,谓语用单数:
Every boy and (every) girl likes the book. 每个男孩女孩都喜欢这本书。
No desk and (no) chair was en in the room. 房间里不见桌椅。
(2) 当and连接两个数相加时,谓语动词可用单数或复数:
Six and eight makes [make] fourteen. 六加八等于十四。
(3) 当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时,谓语通常要用单数:
A cart and hor was en in the distance. 远处看见一辆马车。
【例】A library wit five thousand books __________ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered              B. has offered            C. are offered            D. have offered
【分析】此题应选A。用连词and连接的两个并列主语,其谓语要用复数,但是若主语后跟有with,like,but,except,besides,including,together with,along with,as well as,more than,no less than,rather than等连接的另一个名词,其谓通常要与前面一个主语保持一致:
4. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
When we'll go out for an outing has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
5. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.  每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳。
No teacher and no student was abnt from the meeting.  没有老师也没有学生开会缺席。
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.  每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
6. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数。 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数。如:
Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
7. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数 (即遵循语法一致的原则) 。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数。 如:
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。
Many a boy likes playing basketball.    许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
More than one student was late.    不只一个学生迟到
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
8.  none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数。 如:
None of us are (is) perfect.  人无完人。
None of this worries me.  这事一点不使我着急。
9. 名词如: trours, scissors, clothes, goods, glass 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数。 如:
His clothes are good.
注意;(1)这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数。如:
A pair of glass is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
(2)means作主语
名词means(方法)单数与复数同形,用作主语时,其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语):
The means are very good. 这些方法很好。
Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。
若没有特定的修饰语或语境,则用单数或复数谓语均可:
There is [are] no good means. 没有好的方法。
Are [Is] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其它的什么办法吗?
10. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
11. ”a +名词+and a half “, ”one and a half + 名词“, ”the number of + 名词“ 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数。 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
主谓一致的内容一致原则
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词“做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today.    剩下的自行车, 今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.  这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten.      大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.  这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主
语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived.  一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.  这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3. 加减乘除用单数。如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数。如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。

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