名词性从句与非谓语
一、名词性从句与动名词
名词类的从句可以被化简成动名词和不定式。
1.
2.
1.that引导的主语从句与动名词
例: 1
(1) It surprid us that John won the marathon.
John`s winning the marathon surprid us.
例: 2
(1)That he lost the game came as a surprid to everybody.
That he knows English helps him start a conversation with foreigners
例：3
(1) That he was out of work was unexpected
(2) That she was ill made her mother worried.
(3) That he was chon as our chairman made us excited.
2.that引导的同位语从句与动名词
由原来的同位语从句结构“名词+that同位语从句”变成了一个动名词结构“名词+of+动名词的复合结构”。
例: 1
(1)There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive.
(2)There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive.
例:2
(1)We were greatly encouraged by the news that china had launched another man-made satellite.
(2)It is said that the book has been translated into many other languages.
The book is said to have been translated into many other languages
(3)It was reported that the bank in the local has been robbed in broad daylight yesterday
(4)it is thought that he is the greatest person in the world.
(5) It is arranged that the class meeting will be held next week.
3.that引导的宾语从句与动名词
由that引导的宾语从句的简化较为复杂，因为它可以转换成动名词，也可以转换成不定式，这主要与主句谓语动词的用法密切相关。
例：1
(1) I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future.
(2) I consider emigrating to America in the future.
例：2
(1) Jane`s mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.
(2) Jane`s mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.
例：
(1) I hope that I can drive to work in my own car.
(2) I hope to drive to work in my own car.
结论：
二、名词性从句与不定式
由疑问句变来的名词性从句，即由whether或what等引导的名词从句一般简化为不定式，主要是宾语从句简化为不定式。此时的宾语从句中往往含有情态动词，比较多见的是should或can\could。
例：1
(1) She can`t decide whether she should go with him or stay home.
例：2
(1) I haven`t decided whether I should vote for Clint.
例：3
(1) I don`t know what I should do.
例：4
(1) Plea tell me how I can get to the bus station.
本节练习：简化下列名词从句
1. The student denied that he had cheated on the exam.
2. That the president was involved in the fraud is obvious.
3. I consider that this is a far-reaching event.
4. That he lost the game came as a surpri to everybody.
5. That he worked all night in the rain caud him to catch a bad cold.
6. The boy is worried about the possibility that he will fail in the exam.
7. That he tries nding her girlfriend flowers every day is the only way he can think of to gain her favor.
8. I remember that he once offered to help us if we ever got into trouble.
9. You must tell me the truth. I insist that you should tell the truth.
10. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to the fact that it is always combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen.
11. That children object to their parents remarrying has become a prevalent social problem.
12. The teacher said that he wouldn't tolerate that I arrived late every day.
13. That the girl was educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
14. The plumber told me how I could fix the leak in the sink.
15.Plea tell me where I should meet you.
16.I don't know whether I should believe him or not.
17.Sam is getting dresd to go to a party, but is having trouble deciding on what clothes he should wear.
18.He found two shirts he liked, but he had trouble deciding which one he should buy.
19.I was tongue-tied. I didn't know what I should say.
20.Going to the school dance is a lot of fun. But sometimes, deciding who I can go with isn't easy.
21.A: I don't know what I should buy for her birthday.
非谓语对比练习
1．____by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
2._____ others, John came into the hall, too.
A. Followed B. Following C. Being following D. Having been followed
3. The trainer arrived and ___ by six little dogs.
A. followed B. was following C. following D. was followed
4. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
5. ____ all his time to teaching, Mr. Li almost forgets his wife and son.
A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given
6. We are considering _______up a new factory here in this town．
7. We are considering how ______ up a new factory here in this town．
8. The boy is considered ________ a good example to his classmates before．
A. tting B. to t C. to have t D. having t
9. There were 12 persons in the bus, ___ a baby.
10. There were 12 persons in the bus, a baby____.
