高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一名词
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一名词
语法专题一：名词
名词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考内容之一。《2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项：①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词④名词所有格。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：可数名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出painting，结合题意要将其变成paintings；第77题（短文改错）考查的是不可数名词air，原文给出的是airs，要求考生将其改成air。而在完形填空中，有7题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查的是词性转换，括号里给出的是动词attract，根
据题意要将其改成名词attraction；第69题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出day，结合题意要将其变成复数形式days；第74题考查的是词性转换，题目中给的是形容词honest，
根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。而在完形填空中，有
4题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查的是可数名
词单复数，括号里给出effect，结合题意要将其变成effects，构成side effects（副作用）；第75题（短文改错）考查
的是可数名词单复数，原句中给出的是word，结合题意要将其变成words。而在完形填空中，有5题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
I. 名词的种类：
II. 名词的数：1. 规则可数名词的复数形式：一般在单数
形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法列表如下：
2. 不规则可数名词复数：
III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式
叫做名词所有格。所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加's构成，多表示有生命的东西；二是由介词of加名词构成，多表示
无生命的东西；三是双重所有格。1. 's所有格的构成：
2. 's所有格的用法：
3.of所有格的构成及用法：
of所有格是以"of+名词"构成的一种词组形式，主要用于表示无生命东西的名词，表示所有关系。如:
the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间 the door of the room 房间的门
the legs of the chair 椅子腿 the cover of the book这本书的封面表示有生命东西的名词，也可用of所有格表示所有关系，或者表示主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等。如:
the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世 the arrival of the chairman 主席的到来 the laws of Newton 牛顿定律
4.双重所有格：
's所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做"双重所有格"。双重所有格的形式为：
1)of十名词所有格：a friend of my brother's.我弟弟的一位朋友；a new design of Mr. Brown's.布朗先生的一项新设计
2)of+名词性物主代词：a friend of mine我的一位朋友；
a necklace of yours你的一条项链
IV. 名词的修饰语
可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语，详见下表：
注意：some在表示 "某一"，any在表示"任何"时也可修饰可数名词单数。this和that只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，last，next，the other和序数词只能修饰可数名词单数和复数。
★★★★★ 短文改错中常考的不可数名词有：water，advice，air，work，time，homework，bread，milk，fun，information，progress，practice，weather，news，wealth，voice，room（空间）, knowledge等。
V.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词
考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。
名词单句改错之真题训练：
1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time.
3.There are branch library in many villages.
4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.
5.Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family.
6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.
7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chine, English and physics.
8. …and often watch football match on TV together.
9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!
10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.
11. I ud to love science class —all of them—biology, chemistry, geography, physics.
12. They did not want me to do any work at family.
13. …so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.
14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.
15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to.
16. Their word were a great encouragement to me.
17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for veral month."
18. …but after class we become stranger at once.
19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet.
20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby…
21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when…
22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.
23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. Women live longer than men in most country.
2. The film is very interesting. I have en it many time.
3. It's said that all the ticket have been sold out.
4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV.
5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.
6. The flower in the park were all pleasing.
7. As the day went by, she became less anxious.
8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.
9. It's one of the most interesting book that I've ever read.
10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.
11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.
12. He hasn't lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.
13. I was afraid she would have left for family when
I got there.
14. He's getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.
15. There's a paper's factory near our school.
