Chapter 1Introduction to Statistics
1.1An Overview of Statistics
1Distinguish Between a Population and a Sample
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choo the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the data t is a population or a sample.
1)The age of every fourth person entering a department store
A)sample B)population
2)The age of each employee at a local grocery store
A)population B)sample
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phra that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Identify the population and the sample.
3)A survey of 1212 American houholds found that 52% of the houholds o党员个人总结
wn a computer.
4)When 1348 American houholds were surveyed, it was found that 57% of them owned two cars.
5)A survey of 2625 elementary school children found that 28% of the children could be classified as obe. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choo the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
U the Venn diagram to identify the population and the sample.
6)
A)Population: Magazine subscribers; Sample; Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription
B)Population: Magazine subscribers who renew their subscription; Sample: Magazine subscribers
2Distinguish Between a Parameter and a Statistic
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phra that best completes each statement or answers the question. Determine whether the numerical value is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning.
7)A recent survey by the alumni of a major university indicated that the average salary of 10,500 of its 200,000
graduates was $130,000.
8)The average salary of all asmbly-line employees at a certain car manufacturer is $44,000.
9)A survey of 1040 students was taken from a university with 19正能量的话语
,000students.
3Distinguish Between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choo the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify whether the statement describes inferential statistics or descriptive statistics.
10)The average age of the students in a statistics class is 20years.
A)descriptive statistics B)inferential statistics
11)The chances of winning the California Lottery are one chance in twenty-two million.
A)inferential statistics B)descriptive statistics
12)There is a rela红粉知己
tionship between smoking cigarettes and getting emphyma.
A)inferential statistics B)descriptive statistics
13)From past figures, it is predicted that 31% of the registered voters in California will vote in the June primary.
A)inferential statistics B)descriptive statistics
14)Bad on previous clients, a marriage counlor concludes that the majority of marriages that begin with
cohabitation before marriage will result in divorce.
A)inferential statistics B)descriptive statistics
4Concepts
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phra that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate respon.
15)Explain the difference between a sample and a population.
16)If you had to do a statistical study, would you u a sample or a population? Why?
1.2Data Classification
1米酒的功效与作用
Distinguish Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choo the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative.
1)the colors of automobiles on a ud car lot
A)qualitative B)quantitative
2) the number of complaint letters received by the United States Postal Service in a given day
A)quantitative B)qualitative
3)the number of ats in a movie theater
A)quantitative B)qualitative
4)the numbers on the shirts of a girls soccer team
A)qualitative B)quantitative
2Classify Data with Respect to the国家工艺美术师
Four Levels of Measurement
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choo the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify the data ts level of measurement.
5)hair color of women on a high school tennis team
A)nominal B)ordinal C)interval D)ratio
6)numbers on the shirts of a girls soccer team
A)nominal B)ordinal C)interval D)ratio
7)ages of students in a statistic class
A)ratio B)ordinal C)interval D)nominal
8)temperatures of 26 lected refrigerators
A)interval B)ordinal C)nominal D)ratio
9)number of milligrams of tar in 30 cigarettes
A)ratio B)ordinal C)interval D)nominal
10)number of pages in your statistics book
A)ratio B)ordinal C)interval D)nominal
11)marriage status (married, single, or divorced) of the faculty at the University of Colorado
A)nominal B)ordinal C)interval D)ratio
12)list of 1240 social curity numbers
A)nominal B)ordinal C)interval D)ratio
13)the ratings of a movie ranging from poor to good to excellent
A)ordinal B)nominal C)interval D)ratio
14)the final grades (A, B, C, D, and F) for students in a statistics class
A)ordinal B)nominal C)interval D)ratio
15)the annual salaries for all teachers in California
A)ratio B)ordinal C)interval D)nominal
16)list of zip codes for Chicago
A)nominal B)ordinal C)interval D)ratio
17)the nationalities listed in a recent survey (for example, Asian, European, or Hispanic).
A)nominal B)ordinal C)interval D)ratio
18)the amounts of fat (in grams) in 37 cookies
A)ratio B)ordinal C)interval D)nominal
19)the years the summer Olympics were held in the United States
A)interval B)ordinal C)nominal D)ratio
20)numbers of touchdowns scored by a major university in five randomly lected games
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A)ratio B)ordinal C)interval D)nominal
21)the average daily temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) on five randomly lected days
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A)interval B)nominal C)ordinal D)ratio
22)manuscripts rated acceptable or unacceptable
A)ordinal B)nominal C)ratio D)interval
23)the lengths (in minutes) of the top ten movies with respect to ticket sales in 2007
A)ratio B)nominal C)ordinal D)interval
24)the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph
A)nominal B)interval C)ordinal D)ratio
25)the data listed on the horizontal axis in the graph
A)ratio B)nominal C)ordinal D)interval
3Concepts
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phra that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide感动的泪水
an appropriate respon.
26)Explain the differences between the interval and ratio levels of measurement.
27)Explain why data expresd with the Celsius temperature scale is at the interval level of measurement rather
than the ratio level.
1.3Data Collection and Experimental Design
1Decide Whether Study is Obrvational Study or Experiment
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choo the one alternative that best completes the stat行中书省
ement or answers the question.
Determine whether the study is an obrvationa豆腐菜怎么做
l study or an experiment.
1)A medical rearcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes. She randomly assigns 89people to a
treatment group and 89 to a placebo group. The treatment group receives a medication over a period of three
months and the placebo group receives a placebo over the same time frame. At the end of three months the
patients symptoms are evaluated.
A)experiment B)obrvational study
2)A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages.
A)obrvational study B)experiment
3)A pollster obtains a sample of students and asks them how they will vote on an upcoming referendum.
A)obrvational study B)experiment
4)The personnel director at a large company would like to determine whether the company cafeteria is widely
ud by employees. She calls each employee and asks them whether they usually bring their own lunch, eat at the company cafeteria, or go out for lunch.
A)obrvational study B)experiment
5)A scientist was studying the effects of a new fertilizer on crop yield. She randomly assigned half of the plots on
a farm to group one and the remaining plots to group two. On the plots in group one, the new fertilizer was
ud for a year. On the plots in group two, the old fertilizer was ud. At the end of the year the average crop
yield for the plots in group one was compared with the average crop yield for the plots in group two.
A)experiment B)obrvational study
6)A rearcher obtained a random sample of 100 smokers and a random sample of 100 nonsmokers. After
interviewing all 200 participants in the study, the rearcher compared the rate of depression among the
smokers with the rate of depression among nonsmokers.
A)obrvational study B)experiment
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phra that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Identify the experimental units and treatments ud in the experiment.
7)A medical rearcher center wants to test the effectiveness of a new diabetes medication. The company
identifies 98 adults suffering from a similar form of diabetes. The subjects are randomly assigned to two
groups. One group is given a medication and the other is given a placebo that looks exactly like the medication.
After three months, the subjects symptoms are studied and compared.
2Identify a Biad Sample
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phra that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate respon.
8)Explain what bias there is in a study done entirely online.
9)A report sponsored by the California Citrus Commission stated that cholesterol levels can be lowered by
drinking at least one glass of a citrus product each day. Determine if the report is biad.
10)A local newspaper ran a s中医学的基本特点
urvey by asking, Do you support the deployment of a weapon that could kill
millions of innocent people? Determine whether the survey question is biad.
