Writing I-10 Development by Example
杨茜希农大外语学院课件仅供我们英语双学位同学使用，谢谢大家请勿挂网上哦Perhaps you’ve heard a friend complain lately about a roommate. “Tina is an inconsiderate boor, impossible to live with,” she cries. Your natural respon might be to question your friend’s rather broad accusation: “What makes her so terrible? What does she do that’s so bad?” Your friend might then respond with specific examples of Tina’s innsitivity: she never washes her dishes, she ties up the telephone for hours, and she plays her radio until three every morning. By citing veral examples, your friend clarifies and supports her general criticism of Tina, thus enabling you to understand her point of view.
Examples in an essay work precily the same way as in the hypothetical story above: they support, clarify, interest, and persuade.
In your writing assignments, you might want to asrt that dorm food is cruel and inhuman punishment, that recycling is a profitable hobby, or that the cost of housing is rising dramatically. But without some carefully chon examples to show the truth of your statements, the remain unsupported generalities or mere opinions. Your task, then, is to provide enough specific examples to support your general statements, to make them both clear and convincing. Here is a statement offering the reader only hazy generalities:
①Our locally supported TV channel prents a variety of excellent educational
shows. The shows are informative on lots of different subjects for both children and adults. The information they offer makes channel 19 well worth the public funds that support it.
Rewritten, the same paragraph explains its point clearly through the u of specific examples:
②Our locally supported TV channel prents a variety of excellent educational
shows. For example, young children can learn their alphabet and numbers from Sesame Street; imaginative older children can be encouraged to create by watching Kids’ Writes, a show on which four hosts read and act out stories written and nt in by youngsters from eight to fourteen. Adults may enjoy learning about antiques and collectibles from a program called The Collector; each week the show features an in-depth look at buying, lling, trading, and displaying collectible items, from Depression glass to teddy bears to Shaker furniture. Tho folks wishing to become handy around the home can u information on repairs from plumbing to wiring on This Old Hou, while the nonmusical can learn the difference between scat singing and arias on such programs as Jazz! And Opera Today. And the money-minded can profit from the tips dropped by stockbrokers who appear on Wall Street Week. The information offered makes the and other educational shows on channel
19 well worth the public funds that support the station.
In some cas you may find that a ries of short examples fits your purpo, illustrating clearly the idea you are prenting to your reader:
③In the earlier years of Hollywood, actors aspiring to become movie stars often
adopted new names that they believed sounded more attractive to the public.
Frances Ethel Gumm, for instance, decided to change her name to Judy Garland long before she flew over any rainbows, and Alexander Archibald Leach became Cary Grant on his way from England to America. Alexandra Cymboliak and Merle Johnson, Jr., 不谙世故
might not have t teenage hearts throbbing in the early 1960s, but Sandra Dee and Troy Donahue certainly did. And while some names were changed to achieve a smoother flow (Frederic Austerlitz to Fred Astaire, for example), some may have also been changed to ensure a good fit on movie theater marquees as well as a place in their audience’s memory: the little Turner girl,Julia Jean Mildred Frances, for instance, became just Lana.
What’s the difference between with exemplification and without?
Try the—
*** (Wednesday/ Thursday/ Friday) is the darkest day of the week.
My *** (cell phone/ computer/ alarm clock…) is sometimes unreliable.
No one could be more scruffy than ***(someone you know/ have met before).
Sample Essay:
RIVER RAFTING TEACHES WORTHWHILE LESSONS
1 Sun-warmed water slaps you in the face, the blazing sun beats down on
your shoulders, and canyon walls speed by as you race down rolling waves of
water. No experience can equal that of river rafting. In addition to being fun
and exciting, rafting has many educational advantages as well, especially for
tho involved in school-sponsored rafting trips. River trips teach students
how to prevent some 减字谱
of the environmental destruction that concerns the
park officials, and, in addition, river trips teach students to work together in
a way few other experiences can.
2 The most important lesson a rafting trip teaches students is respect for the
environment. When students are expod to the outdoors, they can better
learn to appreciate its beauty and feel the need to prerve it. For example,
I went on a rafting trip three summers ago with the biology department at
my high school. Our trip lasted ven days down the Green River through
the isolated Desolation Canyon in Utah. After the first day of rafting, I found
mylf surrounded by steep canyon walls and saw virtually no evidence of
human life. The starkly beautiful, unspoiled atmosphere soon became a
major influence on us during the trip. By the cond day I saw classmates,
whom I had previously en fill an entire room with candy wrappers and
empty soda cans, voluntarily inspecting our campsite for trash. And when
twenty-four high school students sacrifice washing their hair for the sake of
a suds-less and thus healthier river, some new, better attitudes about the
environment have definitely been established.
3In addition to the respect for nature a rafting trip encourages, it also
teaches the importance of group cooperation. Since school-associated trips
put students in command of the raft, the students find that in order to stay
in control, each member must be reliable, be able to do his or her own part,
and be alert to the actions of others. The skills are quickly learned when
students e the conquences of noncooperation. Usually this occurs the
first day, when the left side of the raft paddles in one direction, and the right
the other way, and half the crew ends up asick from going in circles. An
even better illustration is another experience I had on my river trip. Becau
an upcoming rapid was usually not too rough, our instructor said a few of us
could jump out and swim in it. Instead of deciding as a group who should go,
though, five eager swimmers bailed out. This left me, our angry instructor,
and another student to steer the raft. As it turned out, the rapid was fairly
rough, and we soon found ourlves heading straight for a huge hole (a hole
is formed from swirling funnel-like currents and can pull a raft under). The
combined effort of the three of us was not enough to get the raft completely
clear of the hole, and the raft tipped up vertically on its side, spilling us into
the river. Luckily, no one was hurt, and the raft did not topple over, but the
near loss of our food rations for the next five days, not to mention the raft
itlf, was enough to make us all more willing to work as a group in the
future.
4 Despite the obvious benefits rafting offers, the number of river permits
issued to school 草书练字帖
groups continues to decline becau of financial cutbacks. It
is a shame that tho in charge of the cutbacks do not realize that in
addition to having fun and making discoveries about themlves, students
are learning valuable lessons through rafting trips—le俄罗斯战争
ssons that may help
prerve the rivers for future rafters.
Exe: Problems with My Apartment
When I was younger, I fantasized about how wonderful life would be when I moved into my own apartment. Now I'm a bit older and wir, and my dreams have turned into nightmares. My apartment has given me nothing but headaches. From the day I signed the 基本国策有哪些
lea, I've had to deal wit
h an uncooperative landlord, an incompetent janitor, and inconsiderate neighbors. First of all, my landlord has been uncooperative. . . .
I've had a problem not only with my landlord but also with an incompetent janitor. . . .
Perhaps the worst problem has been with the inconsiderate neighbors who live in the apartment above me. . . .
Sometimes, my apartment ems like a small, friendly oasis surrounded by hostile enemies.
I never know what side trouble is going to come from next: the landlord, the janitor, or the neighbors. Home may be where the heart is, but my sanity (mind, consciousness) is thinking about moving out.
Sample Essay: Violence
1. Four instances of violence come to my mind. One I read about in the newspapers; another I witnesd; in a third I was on the receiving end; in the fourth, the most brutal of them all, I was a perpetrator（[,p:pi'treit]行凶者）.
2. The first took place an hour’s d rive from my home in Atlanta, Georgia, when a mob in Athens, scr
eaming epithets (a defamatory or abusive word or phra恶名) and hurling rocks, attacked the dormitory occupied by the first Negro girl to enter the University of Georgia.
3.The cond I saw years ago as I walked through a slum (a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions翻译_____________) area of the Lower East Side of New York: a little old Jew with a beard, pulling his pushcart, was arguing with a Negro who was dem anding payment for his work. The bearded man said he didn’t have the money and the Negro said he needed it and the argument grew, and the Negro picked up a stick of wood and hit the old man on the side of the head. The old man continued pushing the cart down the street, blood running down his face, and the Negro walked away.
4. In the third instance, I took my wife and two-year-old daughter to a concert given in an outdoor area near the town of Peekskill, New York. The concert artist was Paul Robeson. As he sang under the有哲理的名言名句
open sky to an audience of thousands, a shouting, angry crowd gathered around the field. When the concert was over and we drove off the grounds, the cars moving in a long slow line, we saw the sides of the road filled with cursing, jeer ing (选择jeer means: mockery/ cheering) men and women. The别有洞天是什么意思
n the rocks began to fly. My wife was pregnant at the time. She ___________ (选择averted/ ducked) and pushed our daughter down nea暗恋测试
r the floor of our car. All four side windows and the rear
window were _____________ (填: What happened to the windows?) by rocks. Sitting in the back at was a young woman, a stranger, to whom we had given a lift (搭便车). A flying rock __________(选择hit/ blew/ fractured ) her skull. There were dozens of casualties that day.
5. The fourth incident occurred in World War II when I was a bombardier(投弹手) with the Eighth Air Force in Europe. The war was almost over. German territory was shrinking, and the Air Force was running o时间流逝的句子唯美
ut of targets. In France, long since reoccupied(翻译______________)by our troops, there was still a tiny pocket of Nazi soldiers (翻译______________) in a protected encampment near the city of Bordeaux. Someone in the higher echelon s(['eln]ranking) decided, though the end of the war was obviously weeks
