高中英语《1阅读理解主旨大意类解题指导》
阅读理解主旨大意类解题指导
Teaching objectives
1.Master basic skills to get the main idea of a passage.
2. Learn how to understand a passage better.
Teaching important and difficult point
Master the four skills and practice them when reading passages.
Teaching procedures:
Step1. 考纲解读
1. 考纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：
（1）理解主旨要义；
（2）理解文中具体信息；
（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；
（4）做出判断和推理；
（5）理解文章的基本结构；
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2. 主旨大意题考查内容：文章主旨、段落大意和文章标题。
3. 主旨句特点：主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文或全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。
Step2. 解题策略
技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题
Practice:
Bad news lls. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Tho are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the mo五行对照表查询表
rning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, rearchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scho lar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
……
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negativ
e feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroud (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B. Online News Attracts More People
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
[思路点拨] 浏览第一段，找到but, but 之后往往是作者想要强调的重点，不难发现主题句：scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. 再结合最后一段第一句话，可以看出本文强调好消息比坏消息传播得更快，选D。
技巧2：定位中心句
寻找主题句的四个小窍门：
1). 段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however, but, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。
2). 开头出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3). 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4). 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。Practice:
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for tho wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.
Rearchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more m elatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by rearchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Tho given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than tho fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caud the mice to sleep longer.
….
What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Night Milk and Sleep
B. Fat, Sugar and Health
C. An Experiment on Mice
D. Milk Drinking and Health
[思路点拨] 首段but 之后出现主题句But now a study has found it really does help people nod off — if it is milked from a cow at night.显然答案选A。
技巧3：找高频词
任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。
Practice:
Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourlf. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone el to love you until you love yourlf. Either way, you’ve got to love yourlf first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re
great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourlves. If 鼠的歇后语
you find that believing in yourlf is a challenge, it is time you build a positive lf-image and learn to love yourlf.
Self-image is your own mind’s pictu怎么做酸萝卜
re of yourlf. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our lf-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of the images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourlf is the key to changing your lf-image and your whole world.
