高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表：
| 条件状语从句 | 主 句 |
与过去事实相反 | had + 过去分词 | should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词 |
与现在事实相反 | 一般过去时(be用were) | would/should/could/might + 动词原形 |
与将来事实相反 | 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 | would/should/could/might + 动词原形 |
| | |
例句：
（1）表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
（2）表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
（3）表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.
1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：
Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如：
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwi，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：
But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.
二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
（一）should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：
1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propo， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如：He suggests that she should leave the hou at once.
The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.
He propod that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest，order，demand，propo，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要
使用虚拟语气。如：The general nt the order that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we（should） t a deadline for handing in the plan.
3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，propod，etc.）结构以及necessary，esntial，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
It’s requested that we （should）keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.
（二）过去时态类
英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。
1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。如：
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs.
I would rather you could teach me again.
2. as if，as though引导的从句。如：
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.
He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only （要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：
If only I had pasd the test！
If only it stopped raining！
4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。如：
It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.
三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。如：
Would you mind smoking here？
May you be lucky！
Long live the people of China！
God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1．I wish I ______ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at prent.
A．studied B．had studied
C．have studied D．will study
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时要是学摄影就好了。如果是的话，我现在可以帮你一下。此处考查动词wish后跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。故选B.
【点睛】
虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中，（常常省去连词that），表示不可能实现的愿望。
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were）
例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + had + 过去分词，本题就属于这一类。
例如：I wish that you had called yesterday.
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：I wish that he could try again.
2．Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A．would be saved B．would have been saved
C．will be saved D．had been saved
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：考查虚拟语气。在if的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中，如果有将来事实相反，从句中使用“过去时/were to do/should+动词原形”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。本句中省略了if，所以把should提前，构成部分倒装句。后面的主句使用“would be save”。故A正确。
考点：考查虚拟语气
3．They suggested that the professor ______ just now ______ chairman of the meeting.
A．referring to; was made B．referring to; be made
C．referred to; be made D．referred to; was made
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：第一个空是在考查非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the professor，refer to（关系到，涉及到，谈及）与refer to 之间的关系为被动，所以应为referred to. 第二个空是考查重点动词suggest的用法，其后的宾语从句应为虚拟的用法，即should +vt,其中should可省略，所以应为be made，故答案应为C。
