1.常见的用料
! q$ {9 {) Y# A1 v0 B鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goo 鱼类 fish
; T& @9 h$ M/ _/ {( O9 J2 h" s肉类 meat 猪肉 pork 牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal
排骨 spare ribs 腰子 kidney 肚子 tripe 肝
舌 tongue 下水 offals 蹄子 trott软炸虾仁怎么做
er 胗 gizzard"
鸡什 giblets 鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast 甲鱼 turtle
海味 afood 虾 shrimp 干贝 scallop 螃蟹 crab
鱿鱼 squid 海蜇 jellyfish 黄鳝 finless eel 海螺 whelk
野味 game 兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon 鹌鹑 quail
龙虾 lobster 牡蛎 oyster 田螺 snail 田鸡 frog
蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon 香肠 sausage 火腿 ham1
熊掌 bear’s paw 鱼翅 shark’s fin 燕窝 bird’s nest 鲍鱼 abalone
2.切煮前的准备工作应征入伍
)去骨 boning 例如,去骨鸭掌 boned duck webs
, 打鳞 scaling 例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish
剥/去皮skinning 例如,去皮田鸡 skinned frogs
`脱壳 shelling 例如,虾仁 shelled shrimps
_腌制 pickling 春节短文
; 例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables
1K3.常用刀法及用料形状
(1)常用刀法
切片 slice 切丝 shred 切丁 dice 切柳 fillet6
切碎 mince 捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff
(2)常用用料形状"
肉/鱼片 sliced meat/fish或meat/fish slices/
肉丝 shredded meat或pork shreds
肉/鸡丁 diced pork/chicken或meat/chicken cubes
肉末 minced meat
肉丸 meat balls
肉馅 meat filling
中餐菜谱翻译法
(1拉美莫尔的露琪亚
)直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef
(2)直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。如:
Z狮子头 Lion’s Head——Pork Meat Balls
全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce-
(3)意译法。此法可分为三种情况:
1)原料+with+作料。以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可。如:
海米白菜 Chine Cabbage with Dried Shrimps
鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce
2)作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如:
咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork.
3)以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义、夸张等说法而用平直、明白的英语译出。如:
以财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters
采凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs
, 蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork
" 龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken
(4)“移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道、通俗易懂,能收到事半功倍的效果。如:
烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 饺子 Chine-style Ravioli
(5)音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。如:
包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun 馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread
(6)“随机应变”法:原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色。如:
广东龙虾 Lobster Cantone Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style
-
5.中餐常见的烹调方法
中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离:煮(boiling)、煲/炖(stewing)、烧/焖/烩(braising)、煎(frying)、炒(stir-frying)、爆(quick-frying)、炸(deep-frying)、扒(frying and simmering)、煸(sauting)、煨(simmering)、熏(smoking)、烤(roasting/barbecuing)、烘(baking)、蒸(steaming)、白灼(scalding)等基本方法。.
煮boiled 如“煮咸牛肉”(Boiled Corned Beef)7 z7 D" O. u& K* j- S
煲/炖stewed 如“清炖牛尾”(Stewed Ox Tail n Clear Soup)
)煎(pan-)fried 如“红烧牛蹄”(Braid Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)
2 \/ F9 Y! }! z炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁”(Stir-Fried Chicken Dices)
爆quick-fried 如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce)
炸deep-fried 如“炸大虾”(Deep-Fried Prawns)
扒fried and simmered 如“虾子扒海参”(Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimp Roe)
煸sauted 如“干煸鳝鱼”(Sauted Eel Slices)
煨simmered 如“煨牛肉”(Simmered Beef)
焖braid 如“黄酒焖猪排”(Braid Pork Chops in Rice Wine)
烩braid 如“烩鸡丝”(B浙江象山
raid Chicken Shreds with Peas)
烘baked 如“烘鸽”(Baked Pigeon)
蒸steamed 如“蒸鲜鱼”(Steamed Fresh Fish)
酱/醋marinated 如“酱鸡”(Marinated Chicken)
卤spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck)
~涮instant-boiled 如“涮羊肉”(Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices)
酿stuffed 如“酿青椒”(Stuffed Green Pepper)
烤roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅”(Roast Goo)
清蒸steamed(in clear soup) 如“清蒸桂鱼”(Steamed Mandarin Fish)
清炖stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼”(Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup))
白灼/嫩煮scalded 如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns)
红烧braid in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋”(Braid Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce)
干烧in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝”(Scallop in Pepper Sauce)
麻辣with hot pepper 如“麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper/Spice Bean Curd)
,酱爆in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁”(Diced Pork in Bean Sauce)
鱼香in (spicy)garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝”(Shredded Pork in Garlic 洗衣机的用法
Sauce)
糖醋with sweet and sour sauce如“糖醋排骨”(Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce)
宫保with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁”(Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts)
脆皮crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“脆皮鱼”(Crisp Fish)
香酥crisp f实训总结
ried 如“香酥鸡”(Crisp Fried Chicken)
焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦溜鱼片”(Fried Fish Slices in Sauce)
甜酸sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork)
胡辣with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参”(Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili)
油淋drip-fried with oil 如“油淋兔”(Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil)
干煸dry-sauted 如“干煸季豆”(Dry-Sauted String Beans)