考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 1
一、真题文章(1994年)
The first and smallest unit that can be discusd in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper lection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often careless u of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words ud by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission---reception system breaks down.
Moreover，inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a wa
y that can be understood by his listeners.
二、译文
与语言相关的，可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要的。适当的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的反感，从而干扰其理解。因此，这传输信息——接受信息系统就会中断。
而且，词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确的词的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。
三、考研核心词汇
choice / tFCis / n. 选择, 抉择, 精选品, 选择机会, 选择权 adj. 精选的, 上等的, 挑三拣四的, 可选的, 宠爱的, 爱惜的
[例] She had to make a choice between the two dress.
她得在两件衣服中选择一件。
[同义] alternative ， cream ，decision ，option， pick， preference ，lection
[派生] choo / tFu:z / v. 选择, 选定
[固定搭配] at one's own choice 随意挑选, 自由选择；be choice of 好挑剔的；
utmost / 5QtmEust / n. 极限, 最大可能, 极力 adj. 极度的, 最远的
[例] the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角
[同义] extreme, farthest ,greatest, most
[固定搭配] at the utmost 至多；do one's utmost 尽全力； make the utmost of ...
充分利用； to the utmost 竭力; 尽力；
reaction / ri(:)5AkFEn / n. 反应, 反作用, 反动(力)
[例] What is his reaction to your proposal? 他对你的建议有什么反应?
[反义] action / 5AkFEn / n. 动作, 作用, 战斗, 行动, 举动, 行为, (戏剧或书中)的情节, (某一地区、领域或团体中)最能产生效果、最有趣、最人工智能的影响
有刺激性的活动 vt. 对...起诉
[派生] react / ri5Akt / vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用
reactive / ri(:)5Aktiv / adj. 反应的, 起反作用的, 反动的, 电抗性的
interfere / 7intE5fiE / vi. 干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰
[例] I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game.
我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了进来，把游戏给打乱了。
[同义] arbitrate, encroach, intercede ,interrupt, intervene, intrude, meddle
[派生] interference /7intE5fiErEns/ n. 冲突, 干涉
[固定搭配] interfere in 干涉, 干预； interfere with 妨碍; 干涉, 干扰；
comprehension /7kCmpri5henFEn/ n. 理解, 包含
[例] Reading depends on the comprehension of the ideas expresd by the words ud.
阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。
[同义] apprehension
[反义] incomprehension / in7kCmpri5henFEn / n. 不了解, 不领悟
[派生] comprehensive /7kCmpri5hensiv/ adj. 全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的
comprehend /7kCmpri5hend/ vt. 领会, 理解, 包括(包含), 由...组成
hence / hens / adv. 因此, 从此
[例] They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest in Nubian art.
他们在苏丹长大；由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣
[同义] accordingly, away, conquently, elwhere, from now on, later therefore
[反义] ago / E5^Eu / adv. 以前的, 以往的
transmission / trAnz5miFEn / n. 播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播
[例] transmission of news 消息的传播
[同义] nding ,transport, transfer, broadcast
[反义] reception / ri5pFEn / n. 接待, 招待会, 接收
[派生] transmissible / trAnz5misEbl / adj. 可传送的, 可遗传的
transmit / trAnz5mit / vt. 传输, 转送, 传达, 传导, 发射, 遗传, 传播 vi.发射信号, 发报
inaccurate / in5Akjurit / adj. 错误的, 不准确的
[例] There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 这张设计图中有一点不大准确。
[同义] incorrect , inexact
[反义] accurate / 5Akjurit / adj. 正确的, 精确的
[派生] inaccuracy / in5AkjurEsi / n. 错误
indefinite / in5definit / adj. 模糊的, 不确定的, [语]不定的
[例] an indefinite leave of abnce 对在场者的离席无明确限制的
[同义] broad, confud, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague
[反义] definite / 5definit / adj. 明确的, 一定的
[派生] indefinitely / in5definitli / adv. 不确定地
四、强化练习
1. And price is the number one factor influencing consumers' __________ of vehicle in China, with 98% of respondents naming it, compared with 82% of UK consumers and 83% of tho in the U.S.
A. desire B. conclusion C. choice D. purpo
2. Although the rain pours down with the ________ relentlessness, ceasing all outdoor activities, the man of the field lifts his face to the heavens and smiles.
A. top B. utmost C. graceful D. dissipated
3. The Romantic Movement, which started as a ________ against the industrial revolution of the century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europe's most successful entrepreneurs and industrialists.
