Bards of the Internet
One of the unintended side effects of the invention of the telephone was that writing went out of style. Oh, sure, there were still full-time scribblers -- journalists, academics, professional wordsmiths. And the great centers of commerce怀孕能剪头发吗
still found it uful to keep on hand people who could draft a memo, a brief, a press relea or a contract. But given a choice between picking up a pen or a phone, 友谊的诗
most folks took the easy route and gave their fingers -- and sometimes their mind -- a rest.
Which makes what's happening on the computer networks all the more startling. Every night, when they should be watch依依青涩
ing television, millions of computer urs sit down at their keyboards; dial into CompuServe, Prodigy, America Online or the Internet; and start typing -- E-mail, bulletin-board postings, chat messages, rants, diatribes, even short stories and poems. Just when the media of McLuhan were suppod to render obsolete the medium of Shakespeare, the online world is experiencing the greatest boom in letter writing since the 18th century.
"It is my overwhelming belief that E-mail and computer conferencing is teaching an entire generation about the flexibility and utility of pro," writes Jon Carroll, a columnist at the San Francisco Chronicle. Patrick Nieln Hayden, an editor at Tor Books, compares electronic bulletin boards with the "scribblers' compacts" of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, in which members pasd letters from hand to hand, adding a little more at each turn. David Sewell, an associate editor at the University of Arizona, likens netwriting to the literary scene Mark Twain discovered in San Francisco in the 1860s, "when people were reinventing journalism by grafting it onto the tall-tale folk tradition." Others hark back to Tom Paine and the Revolutionary War pamphleteers, or even to the Elizabethan era, when, thanks to Gutenberg, a generation of Eng完成作业的英文
lish writers became intoxicated with language.
But such comparisons invite a question: If online writing today reprents some sort of renaissance, why is so much of it so awful? For it can be very bad indeed: sloppy, meandering, puerile, ungrammatical, poorly spelled, badly structured and at times virtually content free. "HEY!!!1!" reads an all too typical message on the Internet, "I TH1N
K METALL1CA IZ REEL KOOL DOOD!1!!!"
One reason, of cour, is that E-mail is not like ordinary writing. "You need to think of this as 'written speech,' " says Gerard Van der Leun, a literary agent bad in Westport, Connecticut, who has emerged as one of the pre-eminent stylists on the Net.”The things are little more considered than coffeehou talk and a lot less considered than a letter. They're not to have and hold; they're to fire and forget." Many online postings are compod "live" with the clock ticking, using rudimen牡丹花的作文
tary word processors on computer systems that charge by the minute and in some cas will shut down without warning when an hour runs out.
That is not to say that with more time every writer on the Internet would produce sparkling copy. Much of the fiction and poetry is cond-rate or wor, which is not surprising given that the barriers to entry are so low. "In the real world," says Mary Anne Mohanraj, a Chicago-bad poet, "it takes a hell of a lot of work to get published, which naturally weeds out a lot of the garbage. On the Net, just a few keystrokes nds your writing out to thousands of readers."
But even among the reams of bad poetry, gems are to be found. Mike Godwin, a Washington-bad lawyer who posts under the pen name "mnemonic," tells the story of Joe Green, a technical writer at Cray Rearch who turned a moribund discussion group called rec. arts. poems into a real poetry workshop by mercilessly critiquing the pieces he found there. "Some people got angry and said if he was such a god of poetry, why didn't he publish his poems to the group?" recalls Godwin. "He did, and blew them all away." Green's Well Met in Minnesota, a mock-epic account of a face-to-face meeting with a fellow network scribbler, is now revered on the Internet as a classic. It begins, "The truth is that when I met Mark I was dresd as the Canterbury Tales. Rather difficult to do as you might suspect, but I wanted to make a certain impression."
The more prosaic technical and political discussion groups, meanwhile, have become so crowded with writers crying for attention that a Darwinian survival principle has started to prevail. "It's so competitive that you have to work on your style if you want to make any impact," says Jorn Barger, a software designer in Chicago. Good writing on the Net tends to be clear, vigorous, witty and above all brief. "The medium favors the ter," says Crawf
ord Kilian, a writing teacher at Capilano College in Vancouver, British Columbia. "Short paragraphs, bulleted lists and one-liners are the units of thought here."
Some of the most successful netwriting is produced in computer conferences, where writers compo in a kind of collaborative heat, knocking ideas against one another until they spark. Perhaps the best examples of this are found on the WELL, a Sausalito, California, bulletin board favored by journalists. The caliber of discussion is often so high that veral publications -- including the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal -- have printed excerpts from the WELL.
