Section_ⅢGrammar— 现在分词作状语
语法图解
探究发现
①... I saw veral young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.
③She stepped back appearing surprid ...
④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.
⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door ...
⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.
⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.
⑧Hearing the news, they jumped for joy.
⑨Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.
[我的发现]
(1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是①②③④⑤；作时间状语的是⑥；作结果状语的是⑦；作原因状语的是⑧⑨。
(2)比较句⑧和⑨可知：句⑧中动词ing形式短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句⑨中动词ing形式短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。
(3)观察句①～⑨可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。
一、现在分词作状语的用法
现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
＝When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。
[名师点津] 当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或becau引导的原因状语从句)
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.
＝As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了，他无法去上学。
3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if, unless等连词)
Working hard, you’ll make great progress.
＝If you work hard, you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
4．作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The plate dropped from her hands, breaking into pieces.
盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。
[名师点津] 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：
He was caught in the rain, thus making himlf catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5．作让步、方式和伴随状语
现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
[名师点津] 为强调动词ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
[即时演练1]
(1)分析下列各句中现在分词作状语的类型
①Hearing the news, they immediately t off for the station. 时间状语
②Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him.原因状语
③The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.结果状语
④Living miles away, he attended the lecture.让步状语
⑤He lay in bed, reading a novel.伴随状语
⑥Using a stick, the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes.方式状语
⑦Keeping on your feet, you will make yourlf more tired.条件状语
(2)补全句子
①(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)．
②Being_poor (因为穷), he can’t afford a computer.
③(2016北京高考改编)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, turning_the_old_t
own_into (把老城变成) a dreamland.
二、现在分词作状语注意事项
1．现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。
(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
[即时演练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2016天津高考改编)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary.
②Having_worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest.
③Having_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well.
④(江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
⑤Seeing (e) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.
2．现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Hav手机风景壁纸
ing been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
[即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person.
