词汇总结(老师分享版总结)
Unit 1—5
1. common law普通法
2. equity law衡平法
3. precedent 先例
4. stare decisis 遵循先例原则
5. res judicata 一案不再审
6. jurisdiction 管辖权,管辖区,司法区
7. trial court 初审法院
8. Court of Appeals, appellate court 上诉法院
9. appellant/appellee, petitioner/respondent 上诉人/被上诉人,申诉人/被申诉人
10. Supreme Court最高法院, SPS, SPP, Procuratorate Chief Justice检察院首席大法官
11. court of last resort, first instance终审法院,初审
12. court of general jurisdiction 普通管辖权法院
13. circuit court巡回法院
14. per curiam法官共同决议意见
15. concurring opinion附随意见/并存意见
16. disnting opinion反对意见
17. procutor procuratorate 公诉人/检察官 检察院
18. affirm, rever, remand维持,撤销,发回重审
19. reversal, overruling撤销判决,推翻判决
20. en banc全院审判,集体听讼
21. holding, dicta 判决,附带意见?
22. day in court 出庭应诉
23. forum审判地
24. venue审判地
25. certiorari调卷令
26. legal remedy relief 法律救济
27. equitable remedy 衡平法上的救济
28. injunction 禁制令
29. the legislative立法机构, legislation立法 legislature立法机关
30. the judicial judiciary 司法,司法系统
31. the executive行政, execute处死,执行 execution死刑 /enforcement执行, executor 遗嘱执行人 administer 执行
32. statute成文法 statutory right 法定权利
33. attorney, barrister/advocate, solicitor, trial advocacy, counl 律师
34. damages 损害赔偿金 punitive damages 惩罚性损害赔偿金
35. bench trial 法官审判,王座法庭(无陪审团的法官审) jury trial 陪审团审判
36. civil action 民事诉讼 tortious act侵权行为 tort action侵权诉讼
37. substantive law 实体法 procedural law 程序法
38. diversity of citizenship 州籍不同
39. impeachment 弹劾
40. paration of powers分权
41. checks & balances 制衡
42. due process of law 法律正当程序
43. bill of rights 权利法案
44. judicial interpretation/construction 司法解释 construe解释 literal文字的/liberal慷慨的
45. veto power, right to vote否决权
46. litigant 诉讼当事人 litigation 诉讼 litigator诉讼人
47. infamous crime不名誉罪 fraud欺诈 perjury 伪证罪treason叛国罪 perjure作伪证 defraud 诈骗 defrauded欺骗
48. civil law system大陆法系
49. amendment 修正案
50. judicial review 司法审查
51. Congress/Parliament,nate 国会/议会,参议院
52. bring/file/institute/initiate/commence an action, suit, lawsuit, litigation, proceedings诉讼
53. binding precedent 有拘束力的先例
54. persuasive precedent 有说服力的先例
55. Miranda Warnings米兰达警告
45. misdemeanor 轻罪 felony 重罪
56. probation 缓刑 probate 见证人,见证程序
57. parole假释
58. larceny theft 盗窃罪
59. decead 死者,被继承人 decedent 死者
60. mens rea 犯意
61. actus reus 犯罪行为
62. causation因果关系, intervening factor 介入因素
63. felony-murder rule重罪谋杀规则
64. punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿
65. civil wrong 民事违法 criminal offen 刑事犯罪
66. homicide 杀人罪
67. justifiable homicide可证明为正当的杀人罪, excusable可原谅的
68. murder谋杀/谋杀罪
69. voluntary manslaughter故意杀人罪
70. involuntary manslaughter 过失杀人罪
71. Redress赔偿 compensation 赔偿 reimbur 偿还,赔偿
72. Warrant逮捕令
73. lf-defen正当防卫
74. liability 责任 liable有责的
75. probable cau 正当理由,合理根据
76.
death penalty死刑
77. imprisonment, confinement, incarceration, n次方
detention监禁
78. forfeiture 没收
79. aggravating circumstances加重情节
80. mitigating/extenuating circumstances减轻情节
81. enter a guilty plea plead guilty 做出有罪答辩
82. plea bargaining辩诉交易
83. interstate commerce州际贸易
84. drug trafficking贩毒 counterfeit goods假冒商品
85. illegitimate child私生子,非婚生子
86. conviction 有罪裁决 acquittal 无罪裁决
87. inquisitorial system纠问制/ adversary对抗制/adversarial对抗制
88. summons传票, subpoena传票, process传票,诉讼过程中的各种命令, citation罚单
89. rvice of process 送达程序
90. compulsory process强制到庭程序
91. voir dire陪审团资格审查
92. peremptory challeng家的写法
e无因回避
93. challenge for cau有因回避
94. jury charge/instruction 指示陪审团
95. rebuttal evidence 反驳证据
96. pretrial motions审前动议 move步骤 post-trial审判后动议
97. discovery, disclosure证据开示
98. cross-examination交叉询问
99. motion for directed verdict申请驳回起诉的动议
100. mistrial 无效判决
101. hung jury/ deadlocked jury陪审团僵局
102. hearsay 传闻证据
103. jury deliberation 陪审团审议
104. in personam/personal jurisdiction 属人管辖权
105. in rem jurisdiction对物管辖权
106. subject matter jurisdiction事务管辖权
107. fact-finder事情调查者,检察员, trier 审判者
108. objection反对, exception 异议,例外
109. plaintiff, 原告defendant被告
110. procution 控诉 defen 辩解
111. affirmative defen积极性抗辩
112. statute of limitations 诉讼时效
113. entrapment 陷阱
114. alibi 不在场证据
115. intoxication喝醉
116. insanity精神失常
117. indictment(大陪审团)起诉书/information 公诉书
118. complaint 刑事控告书、自诉书
119. accusatorial system诉讼程序
120. criminal charge 刑事指控
121. prima facie ca 初步证明的案件
122. bail保释,保证金
123. arraignment 传讯
124. privilege against lf-incrimination不得自证其罪的权的花语
利
125. double jeopardy clau双重追诉条款
126. confrontation clau 质证条款,对质条款
127. presumption of innocence无罪推定
128. grand jury 大陪审团(程序)
129. beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑
130. by the preponderance of the evidence/ preponderant evidence优势证据
131. balance of the probabilities可能性权衡
132. burden of proof 举证责任
133. standard of proof 证明标准
134. criminal justice system 刑事司法体系
135. burglary 盗窃罪
136. statutory crime 法定犯罪
137. larceny盗窃罪 stolen goods 赃物
138. injunctive relief 禁令救济,申请制止侵权的权利
139. standing to sue原告资格
140. discovery 证据开示
141. long-arm statute长臂管辖法
142. forum shopping挑选有管辖权的法院