Mainlyrevision
1.Later,another type of coin was ud, with holes in it, and the were ud for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916.后来使用另外一种中间有孔的硬币，这种硬币以后用了2000年，即从公元前221年开始到1916年为止。
解析：①本句是由and连接的一个并列复合句。其中with holes in it是一个with的复合结构，由“with +n.+介词短语”组成，作定语，修饰coin.
例John's family ud to live in a wooden hou, with trees round it.约翰一家过去住在一座四周都是树木的木屋子里。
This is a new type of machine, with lots of metres on i机械加工技术
t.这是一种新型的带有许多仪表的机器。
这种with的复合结构也可在句中作状语。
例He is deep in thought, with his head in his hands.他陷入深思，两只手捧着头。 另外，wit
h的复合结构还可由“with +n.+现在分词/不定式/过去分词/形容词”构成，常在 句中作状语。
例She read the letter, with tears running down her cheeks.她读着信，泪水顺着面颊流下来。
He stood for a while with his hand still raid.他站了一会儿，他的手依然举着。 With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.由于没什么事要做，我便到外面散散步。
He ud to sleep with the windows open.他常常开着窗户睡觉。
②句中的that is意为“这就是说”“也就是”。在句中作插入语，用以对上文补充说明。插入语的前后通常用逗号同句子的其他部分分开。
例The story happened about a century ago, that is, a hundred years ago.故事发生在大约一个世纪以前，也就是说，一百年前。
2.Go to stam外汇管理
p sales and buy whatever you can afford.到邮票销售点去，把你能够买得起的邮票买下来。
解析：①句中stamp sales =stamp sales谁最疼爱狮子座
department邮票销售部，邮票发售点(the place w here stamps are sold)。sale的复数形式sales常用来作定语或构成合成词。如：a sales talk 销售谈判；the sales department 销售部；salesgirl/salesman/saleswoman 推销员 ，售货员
②句中的whatever是连接代词，意为“凡是……的”“所……的东西”，相当于anything that，常用来引导名词性从句。句中whateve岚谷熏鹅
r you can afford就是作buy的宾语，相当于“…buy anything that you can afford.”
例Do whatever you like (=Do anything that you like.)你爱干什么，就干什么吧。(宾语从句)
Whatever I have is yours.(=Anything that I have is yours).我所有的东西全是你的。(主语从句)
此外，whatever还可作“无论什么”，相当于no matter what,用来引导让步状语从句。
例Whatever you do, do your best.(=No matter what you do, do your best.)无论你干什么，
总要尽最大的努力。
Keep calm, whatever happens.(=Keep calm, no matter what happens.)无论发生什么事情都要保持冷静。
核心知识
常用单词积累
shape ring(n.) collection bank material hide hand out here and there look round envelope sooner or later pick up pack packs of cheaply cock shame coin silver penny(pl. pence) mine(n.) possibly whenever trade whatever afford
基础知识精讲
1.shame n. “遗憾的事” (=pity)
用法：①What a shame/pity!
例What a shame/pity (that) you can't come with us!你不能跟我们一起去，是多么可惜!
②It's a shame/pity +that clau
例It's a shame/pity you can't stay for dinner.真遗憾，你不能留下来吃饭。
2.be of +抽象名词，表示主语的特征。意为“具有……”如课文中“be of different sizes, weights, shapes”意为“具有不同规格、重量、形状等”，此结构常常可以转化成be +形容词结构。
例The work is of great importance. =The work is very important.这项工作很重要。
The old watch is still of some u to me. =The old watch is still uful to me.这块旧表对我还有些用处。
注意：在口语中，此结构中的of有时可省去，特别是在介词宾语之后还有修饰语的时候。 例The soldiers are almost (of) the same height.这些士兵差不多一样高。
The earth is (of) the shape of an orange.地球是呈桔子形的。
3.date ① vi “起始”“兴起于”
用法 date from “始于……时期”
例Her interest in coin collecting dates from her childhood.她收集硬币的兴趣始于她的童年时代。
(扩展)date back to 可追溯到，是……时代开始有的。
例The castle dates back to the 14th century.此堡建于14世纪。
②n. “日期”
常见短语有：out of date 过时，(式样)陈旧 up to date 跟上时代
例Much of the information in that book is now out of date.那本书中的许多信息现在已经过时了。
His ideas are up to date.他的思想符合时代潮流。
4.keep ①vt.“经营”“管理”“养活”
例keep a shop (开商店) keep a hotel(经营旅馆)
keep a farm(经营农场) keep the hou (管理家务)
keep a family (养家糊口)
② vt. “使……保持/处于某种状态”
用法：Keep +n.+ adj. /-ing/p.p/prep/adv.
例You should keep your room clean and tidy.你们应该使你们的房间保持整洁。
Plea keep the fire burning.请使火保持燃烧。
Mother kept the food locked up.母亲把食物锁起来。
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.如果你的手觉得冷，把它们放在你的口袋里。
The cold weather kept us indoors.寒冷的天气使我们呆在家里。
③link v.“保持”“继续(处于某状态)”
例Plea keep quiet.请保持安静。
5.without “毫无”“没有”
用法：其后跟名词或-ing形式或名词+-ing形式作状语
例We cannot finish the work without your help.(如果)没有你的帮助，我们就不可能完成这项工作。
We can not speak English without making mistakes.(如果)不犯错误，我们就说不会英语。
The movie actress pasd without being recognized.这位女电影演员走过时，没有被(大家)认出来。
He is too rious without anyone getting near to him.他太严肃了，(结果)没有人亲近他。
6.hand out “散发”“发给大家” 反义词组：hand in “上交”
例The teacher handed out the exerci books at the beginning of the class.老师在开始上课的时候把练习本发给大家。
The compositions must be handed in.作文必须得交上来。
7.trade vt. “交换”“进行贸易”
用法：①trade with(sb.) “与(某人)作买卖”“同(某人)交换”
例I didn't trade with that company; the price of their goods was too high.我没同那家公司做生意，他们的商品价格太高了。
He often goes to the stamp market and trades stamps with others.他常去邮票市场同人家交换邮票。
②trade for “用(某物)同(某物)进行交换”
