英语句子成分分析

更新时间:2023-05-03 22:03:17 阅读：评论：0

Lesson 1

一．句子的成分
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。

句子成分	意义	例句
主语 The Subject	表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。	Lucy is An American girl. She often goes to the movies.
谓语 The Predicate	说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。	We are both quiet. He has a toothache. His parents teach math.
表语 The Predicative	说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。	Her mother is a bank clerk. Are you ready? It tastes great. We were at home last night.
宾语 The Object	表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么。	Let me tell you what he is like. He’s playing soccer. Can I ask some questions?
宾语补足语 The Object Complement	用来补充宾语的意义，一般置于宾语之后，由名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等充当。	I found the book very interesting. My mother wants me to drink it.
定书画落款语 The Attribute	用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。	Peel three bananas. What’s your name, plea? She’s a good basketball player.
状语 The Adverbial	用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等充当。	I like it very much. People are all working hard. HongKong is not very cold in winter.

二．句子的类型

1. 句子按其结构可分为以下几种类型

类别	构成	例句
简单句 The Simple Sentence	由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。	I get up at six in the morning. My mother and I often go shopping. Some studnets walk or ride bikes to school.
并列句 The Compound Sentence	由并列连词（and, so, but, or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。	She doesn’t like science, and she thinks it it boring. I like gardens, but I don’t like hard work. School starts at eight, so I get up at six thirty.
复合句 The Complex Sentence	由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。	What do you want to be when you grow up? I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.

2. 简单句的五种基本句型（Five Kinds of Simple Sencences）

类别		谓语部分Predicate
类别	主语 Subject (S)	谓语动词 Verb (V)	表语 Predicative (P)	宾语 Object (O)	宾语补足语 Object Complement (OC)
第1种 S+V	We	exerci. (不及物动词)
第2种 S+V+O	I	like (及物动词)		bananas.
第3种 S+V+P	They	are (系动词)	student.
第4种 S+V+indirect O+direct O	She	gave (及物动词)		me a pen. (直接（间接宾语）宾语）
第5种 S+V+O+OC	He	made (及物动词)		the boy	laugh.

Lesson 2

一．感叹句

感叹句一般是用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐，一般用感叹词"what"和"how"引导，

how修饰形容词或副词，what 修饰的中心词是名词。

(一)What 引导的感叹句基本结构：

1.What +a/an+形容词+可数名词（单数）+主语+谓语！（主谓可省）
What a beautiful girl (she is)!

2.What +形容词+可数名词复数（或不可数名词）+主语+谓语！（主谓可省）
What cute puppies (the are)!
What lovely weather (it is)!

(二)How 引导的感叹句基本结构是：

How +形容词/副词 +主语+谓语，

How terrifying the experience is! 多么可怕的经历啊！

Lesson 3

表示给予的动词带双宾语

英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所指向的人或物（多指人）。这些动词通常是“给予”的意思。

授人以物： He lent me a book. 他借给我一本书。

授物予人： He lent a book to me . 他借了一本书给我。

与to相连的（常有给予的含义）： give, take, pass, read, ll, buy, pay, hand, bring, show, promi, offer, owe、

bring 带给	leave 留给	pass递给	read 读给	ll 卖给	teach教给
write 写给	give 给予	lend 借给	pay 付给	show 出示给	take 带给，拿给
tell 告诉，讲给	offer 提供给	post 寄给	hand 交给	owe 欠	promi答应给

与for相连的（常有给/为某人干某事的意思）

buy 给... 买 call 给... 叫 choo 给... 挑选 cook 给..做饭 do 给... 做 fetch 给...取来

find 给... 找到 leave 给... 剩/留下 order 给... 点【菜】 get 给... 弄到 make 给... 做/煮

save 给...存钱 keep 给...保存

Lesson 4.

excite	v.使激动，兴奋	interest	v.使感兴趣	surpri	使... 惊讶	bore	使...厌烦
excited	adj 激动的	interested		surprid		bore猪蹄黄豆汤的做法 d
exciting	adj. 令人激动的	interesting		surprising		boring

trouble	使...烦恼	confu	使...困扰	tire	使...疲倦	scare	使惊吓
troubled		confud		tired		scared
troubling		confusing		tiring		scaring

worry	使...担心	impress	使...印象深刻	embarrass	使..尴尬	satisfy	使...满意
worried		impresd		embarrasd		satisfied
worrying		impressive		embarrassing		satisfying

比较

1. receive: 收到，被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚 receive/have a letter from sb.

accept: 同意接受 This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I did accept it.

take: 主动地“拿”“取” I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it for me yesterday.

2. center 指事物的中心（如球心）指更准确的中心点，正中心
middle 中间，中部，不如center 精确

3. work for 在...上班/任职强调work I’m working for a school.
work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班） I am working in the Bosi English school.
work at 上班 She works at a department sore.

Lesson 5.

1. in the way 挡路，妨碍
on the way 在路上
in this way 用这种方法
by the way 附带说一句, 顺便问一下
in a way 在某种意义上，在某个方面

2. extra----spare
free time----spare time
you don’t want -----to spare
the room doesn’t u ----spare room
don’t kill---- spare （饶恕）

Lesson 6

knock at: 敲： A begger knocked at my door.

knock sth off 碰掉 I knocked the va off the table and broke it.

knock off 下班 He always knocks off at six o’clock.

knock ... off 削价 The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.

knock over 撞倒 A car knocked the boy over.

knock out 打昏 In the fight, the thief knocked the policeman out.

Lesson 7.

put on 穿上 take off 脱下 give away 赠送，泄露 wake up 叫醒

look for 寻找 ask for 请求 cut off 切掉，砍掉 give back 归还

look at 看 lift up 拿/提/抬/举起 throw away 扔掉，丢弃 nd away 赶走，开除

pull down 拉倒，拆毁 make up 化妆，构成，形成

Lesson 8.

1. enter 进入：Everyone stood up when he entered the room.
enter for 参加 Everybody enters for the competition.

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