repetition翻译技巧
Repetition（重复法）
Generally what is repeated in Chine may in many cas be substituted (替代), varied (变换) or omitted (省略) in English. For English repetition, Fowler (1951:218) has this to say in The King’s English:
Even when the repetition is a part of the writer’s original plan, consideration is necessary before it can be allowed to pass: it is implied in the terms “rhetorical”or significant repetition that the words repeated would ordinarily be either varied or left out; the repetition, that is to say, is more or less abnormal, and whatever is abnormal may be objectionable in a single instance, and is likely to become so if it occurs frequently.
Compare Chine with English:
1. 一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局，一个地球有一个地球的
全局。
A locality has its own over-all interest; a nation has another and the earth yet another.
(nominal substitution)
2. 我们的民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了。
Ours is no longer a nation subject to insult and humiliation. (nominal substitution)
3. 做蛋糕的方法和步骤
夺取这个胜利，已经是不要很久的时间和不要花费很大的气力了；巩固这个胜利，
则是需要很久的时间和要花费很大的气力的。（《毛泽东选集》）
To win this victory will not require much more time and effort, but to consolidate it will.
(nominal substitution and verbal omission)
4. 我们必须决定什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西是不应当称赞或歌颂的，什
么东西是应当反对的。
We should decide what to commend and prai, what not to and what to oppo. (verbal omission)
5. 自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其政治是封建的政治，其经济是封建的经济。
From the Zhou and Qin Dynasties onwards, Chine society was feudal, as were its politics and its economy. (clausal substitution )
6. 一个人的工作，究竟是三分成绩七分错误，还是七分成绩三分错误，必须有个根本
的估价。
We m ust have a fundamental evaluation of a person’s work and establish whether his achievements amount to 30 per cent and his mistakes to 70 per cent, or vice versa. (clausal
7. 你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。
You have done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it. (claus
al substitution)
8. 两篇文章，上篇与下篇，只有上篇做好，下篇才能做好。
In the writing of an article, the cond half can be written only after the first half is finished.
(variation)
Grammatical Repetition（语法性重复）
Repetition of the Modified（重复被修饰语）
Examples:
1. Let us revi our safety and sanitary regulations.
我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
2. The u of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law, in particular of the
Geneva Convention.
使用原子武器显然违反国际法，特别是违反日内瓦公约。
3. Aerostatics is the study of how an object is supported in the air by buoyancy, that is, its
ability to float in the air as a boat floats on water.
空气静力学是研究物体怎样靠浮力而飘悬于空中的学科，也就是研究物体如同船浮于水上那样飘浮于空中的能力。
4. I very much admire your determination to strengthen China’s economy and to ensure that
the fruits thereof are enjoyed by the mass who uphold China’s socialist construction.
我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济，并且决心保证使从事社会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。
Drills
5. We are the witness of the scrupulous respect of the Government of China for the
principles of non-intervention in the affairs of other states and of its unwavering supporting of the rights of peoples to independence and lf-determination.
6. Last year, the output of coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent of the whole
country; of steel 25 percent; of grain 30 percent; of cotton 35 percent.
7. They carried with them different tools, machines and iron and steel plates.
8. Like China, too, who epic struggle over the centuries was to forge an enduring unity, we
are jealous of this unity we are remolding of the diversity of peoples, languages and cultures, which are to be found within our shores.
Repetition of the Modifier（重复修饰语）
Examples & Drills Guided Translation
1. I identify mylf as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United Nations.
我自认为我既是一个批评联合国的爱护者，又是一个爱护联合国的批评者。
2. The composition and thickness of a thin film determine its electrical and mechanical
characteristics.
薄膜成分与薄膜厚度决定薄膜的电气特性和机械特性。
3. We need materials which can bear high temperature and pressure.
4. Under suitable conditions we can produce energy in the electrical form by the conversion
of heat, mechanical and other forms of energy.
Repetition of the Verb which is Common to Several Objects, or the Object which is Common to Several Verbs（重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共有的宾语）
Examples & Drills 7.1.3Guided Translation
1. We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。
2. The decision to deploy a ballistic missile defen system depends primarily on cost,
