passport (n.)
c.1500, from M.Fr. pasport“authorization to pass through a port” to enter or leave a country (15c.), from pas, imperative of O.Fr. pasr“to pass” (e pass (v.)) + port“port” (e port (n.1)).
password (n.)
“word appointed as a sign to distinguish friend from foe,” 1798, from pass (v.) + word (n.).
past (adj.)
c.1300, “done with, over,” from pp. of pasn“go by” (e pass(v.)). Past participle is recorded from 1798; past ten from 1813.
past (n.)
“times gone by,” 1580s, from past (adj.).
pasta (n.)
1874, from It. pasta, from L.L. pasta“dough, pastry cake, paste,” from Gk. pasta“barley porridge,” proba
bly originally “a salted mess of food,” from neuter plural of pastos(adj.) “spr宣传推广方案
inkled, salted,” from pasin“to sprinkle,” from PIE root *kwet-“to shake” (e quash).
paste (n.)
c.1300 (mid-12c. as a surname), “dough,” from O.Fr. paste“dough, pastry” (13c., Mo
d.Fr. pte), from L.L. pasta“dough, pastry cake, paste” (e pasta). Meaning “glue mixture” is first attested mid-15c.
paste (v.2)
“hit hard,” 1846, probably an alteration of baste“beat” (e lambaste). Related: Pasted; pasting.
paste (v.1)
“to stick with paste,” 1560s; e paste (n.). Related: Pasted; pasting.
paste-up (n.)
1930, from paste (v.) + up (adv.).
pasteboard (n.)
1540s, from paste (n.) + board (n.1). So called becau it is made of sheets of paper pasted together.
pastel (n.)
1660s, “crayons, chalk-like pigment ud in crayons,” from Fr. pastel “crayon,” from It. pastello“a pastel,” lit. “material reduced to a paste,” from L.L. pastellus“dye from the leaves of the woad plant,” dim. of pasta(e pasta). Meaning “pale or light color” (like that of pastels) first recorded 1899. As an adjective from 1884.
pastern (n.)
late 13c., “shackle fixed on the foot of a hor or other beast,” from O.Fr. pasturon (Mod.Fr. paturon), dim. of pasture“shackle for a hor in pasture,” from V.L. *pastoria, noun u of fem. of L. pastorius“of herdsmen,” from pastor“shepherd” (e pastor). Metathesis of -r-and following vowel occurred 1500s. Sen extended (1520s) to part of the leg to which the tether was attached.
pasteurization (n.)
1885, from pasteurize + -ation.
pasteurize (v.)
1881, with -ize, after Louis Pasteur(1822-1895), French chemist and bacteriologist, who invented the process of heating food, milk, wine, etc., to kill most of the micro-organisms in it; distinguished from sterilization, which involves killing all of them. The surname is lit. “Pastor.” Related: Pasteurized; pasteurizing.
pastiche (n.)
“a medley made up of fragments from different works,” 1878, from Fr. pastiche (18c.), from It. pasticcio“medley, pastry cake,” from V.L. *pasticium “compod of paste,” from L.L. pasta“paste, pastry cake” (e pasta). Borrowed earlier (1752) in the Italian form.
pasties (n.)
“adhesive patches worn over the nipples by exotic dancers,” 1957, plural diminutive from paste (v.).
pastime (n.)
late 15c., pas tyme“recreation, diversion, amument, sport,” from pass (v.) + time(n.). Formed on model of M.Fr. pas-temps(15c.), from pas, imperative of pasr“to pass” + temps“time.”
pastor (n.)
late 14c. (mid-13c. as a surname), “shepherd,” also “spiritual guide, shepherd of souls,” from O.Fr. pastor, pastur“herdsman, shepherd” (12c.), from L. pastorem(nom. pastor) “shepherd,” from pastus, pp. of pascere“to lead to pasture, t to grazing, cau to eat,” from PIE root *pa-“to tend, keep, pasture, feed, guard, protect” (e food). The spiritual n was in Church Latin (cf. Gregory's “Cura Pastoralis”). The verb in the Christian n is from 1872.
pastoral (adj.)
“of or pertaining to shepherds,” early 15c., from O.Fr. pastoral (13c.), from L. pastoralis“of herdsmen, of shepherds,” from pastor(e pastor(n.)). The noun n of “poem dealing with country life generally” is from 1580s. pastorale (n.)
musical composition from rustic tunes or reprenting pastoral scenes,” 1724, from It. pastorale, noun u of adjective, from L. pastoralis (e pastoral). pastoralism (n.)
1854, from pastoral + -ism.
pastoralist (n.)
1793, from pastoral + -ist.
pastrami (n.)
1940, from Yiddish pastrame, from Rumanian pastrama, probably from Turk. pastrima, variant of basdirma“老实人是什么意思
dried meat,” from root *bas-“to press.” Another possible origin of the Rumanian word [Barnhart] is Mod.Gk. pastono
“I salt,” from classical Gk. pastos“sprinkled with salt, salted.” Spelling in English with -mi probably from influence of salami.
pastry (n.)
mid-15c., “food made with paste,” not originally limited to sweets, from M.E. paste (e paste (n.)) + -ry. Probably influenced by O.Fr. pastaierie“pastry” (Mod.Fr. ptisrie), from pastoier“pastry cook,” from paste (e paste (n.)); also borrowed from M.L. pasteria“pastry,” from L. pasta. Specific n of “small confection made of pastry” is from 1906. Pastry-cook attested from 1712.
pasturage (n.)
1530s, from O.Fr. pasturage(13c, Mod.Fr. pturage), from pasturer“to pasture” (e pasture (v.)).
pasture (n.)
c.1300, “grass eaten by cattle,” from O.Fr. pasture“fodder, grass eaten by cattl e” (12c., Mo
d.Fr. pture), from L.L. pastura“a feeding, grazing,” from L. pastus, pp. of pascere“to feed, graze” (e pastor). Meaning “land covered with vegetation suitable for grazing” is from early 14c. To be out to pasture “retired” is from 1945, fro m what was done (ideally) to hors after the active work北京旅游景点大全
ing lif
e.
pasture (v.)
late 14c., of animals, “to graze;” early 15c., of humans, “to lead to pasture, to feed by putting in a pasture,” from O.Fr. pasturer(12c., Mod.Fr. pturer, from pasture (e pasture (n.)). Related: Pastured; pasturing.
pasty (n)
c.1300, a type of pastry pie, from O.Fr. paste“dough, pastry,” from V.L. *pastata“meat wrapped in pastry” from L. pasta (e pasta).
pasty (adj.)
“rembling paste,” 1650s, from paste (n.) + -y (2). Related: Pastiness.
pat (n.)
c.1400, “a blow, stroke,” perhaps originally imitative of the sound of patting. Meaning “light tap with hand” is from c.1804. Sen of “that which is formed by patting” (as in pat of butter) is 1754, probably from the verb. Pat on the back in the figurative n attested by 1804.
pat (adv.)
“aptly, suitably, at the right time,” 1570s, perhaps from pat (adj.) in n of “that which hits the mark,” a special u from pat(n.) in n of “a hitting” of the mark. The modern adjective is 1630s, from the adverb.
pat (v.)
1560s, “to hit, throw;” meaning “to tap or strike lightly” is from 1714; from pat (n.). Related: Patted; patting. The nurry rhyme phra pat-a-cake is known from 1823. Alternative patty-cake (usually American English) is attested from 1794 (in “Mother Goo's Melody, or Sonnets for the Cradle,” Worcester, Mass.).
Pat
as a fem. proper name, short for Patricia. As a masc. proper name, short for Patrick; hence a nickname for any Irishman.
Patagonia
South American region, with -ia + Patagon, name given by Europeans to the Tehuelche people who inhabited the coasts of the region, sometimes said to mean lit. “large-foot,” from Sp. and Port. pata“paw, animal foot” (e patten) 中国传统节日古诗
in reference to the people's llama-skin shoes. But elwhere said to be from Patagon, name of a dog-headed monster in the pro romance “Amads de Gaula” (1508) by Garci Ordez de Montalvo (which also might have yielded California).
patch (v.)
mid-15c., from patch(n.1). Electronics n of “to connect temporarily” is attested from 1923. Related: Patched; patching.
patch (n.1)
“piece of cloth ud to mend another material,” late 14c., of obscure origin, perhaps a variant of pece, pieche, from O.N.Fr. pieche(e piece(n.)), or from an unrecorded Old English word. Phra not a patch on“nowhere near as good as” is from 1860.
patch (n.2)
“fool, clown,” 1540s, perhaps from It. pazzo“fool,” of unknown origin. Possibly from O.H.G. barzjan“to rave” [Klein]. But Buck says pazzo is originally euphemistic, and from L. patiens“suffering,” in medical u, “the patient.” Form perhaps influenced by folk etymology derivation from patch (n.1), on notion of a fool's patched garb.
patchouli (n.)
perfume made from an Indian plant of the mint family, 1845, from the native name for the plant in Madras, said to be from Tamil pachchai“green” + ilai “leaf.” The form of the word appears French, but
this has not been explained and the record of it in English predates that in French.
patchwork (n.)
“work compod of patches,” 1690s, from patch(n.1) + work(n.). As an adjective from 1713.
patchy (adj.)
1798, from patch (n.1) + -y (2).
pate (n.1)
“top of the head,” early 14c. (late 12c. in surnames), of unknown origin; perhaps a shortened form of O.Fr. patene or M.L. patena, both from L. patina “pan, dish” (e pan (n.)).
pate (n.2)
“paste,” 1706, from Fr. pt, from O.Fr. paste, earlier paste, from paste (e paste (n.)). Pt de foie gras(1827) is lit. “pie of fat 射程最远的枪
liver;” originally rved in a pastry (as still in Alsace), the phra now chiefly in English with reference to the filling.
patella (n.)
“knee cap,” 1690s, from L. patella“pan, kneecap,” dim. of patina“pan” (e pan (n.)). So called from its shape. Related: Patellar; patelliform.
paten (n.)
“plate for bread at Eucharist,” c.1300, from O.Fr. patene and directly, from M.L. patena, from L. patina“pan, dish” (e pan (n.)).
patency (n.)
1650s, from patent + -cy.
patent (n.)
late 14c., “open letter or document from some authority,” shortened form of Anglo-Fr. lettre patent (also in M.L. (litter) patentes), lit. “open letter” (late 13c.), from O.Fr. patente (e patent (adj.).
The Letters Patent were ... written upon open sheets of parchment, with the Great Seal pendent at th
e bottom ... [while] the 'LitterClaus,' or Letters Clo, ... being of a more private nature, and addresd to one or two individuals only, were clod or folded up and aled on the outside. [S.R. Scargill-Bird, “A Guide to the Principal Class of Documents at the Public R ecord Office,” 1891]
Meaning “a licen covering an invention” is from 1580s.
patent (v.)
“to obtain right to land,” 1670s, from patent(n.). The meaning “copyright an invention” is first recorded 1822, from earlier meaning “obtain exclusive right or mono poly” (1789), a privilege granted by the Crown via letters patent. Related: Patented; patenting.
patent (adj.)
late 14c., in letters patent, lit. “open letter,” from O.Fr. patente, from L. patentum (nom. patens) “open, lying open,” prp. of patere“lie open, be open,” from PIE *pete-“to spread” (e pace(n.)). Sen of “open to view, plain, clear” is first recorded c.1500. Related: Patently.
paterfamilias (n.)
early 15c., from L. pater familias“master of a hou, head of a family,” from pater“father” (e father(n.)) + familias, old gen. of familia“family” (e family).
paternal (adj.)
early 15c., from O.Fr. paternal“of a father” (12c.), from M.L. paternalis, from L. paternus“of a father, fatherly,” from pater (e father (n.)).
paternalism (n.)
“feeling of a father for his children,” 1851; “government as by a father over his children,” 1866, from paternal + -ism. Related: Paternalistic (1890). paternity (恽代英
n.)
mid-15c., “condition of being a father,” from O.Fr. paternit (12c.), from L.L. paternitatem (nom. paternitas) “fatherly care, fatherhood,” from L. paternus “of a father,” from pater(e father(n.)). Originally in the ecclesiastical n; literal n first recorded 1580s. Meaning “paternal origin” is from 1868.
