动名词
动名词Gerun西门少年
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⼀、动名词概述：
动名词doing 是⼀种兼有动词和名词特征的⾮谓语动词，有时态和语态的变化。
动词特征：具有动词的某些变化形式，⽤以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。
名词特征：在句⼦可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语，它也可以被副词修饰或者⽀配宾语。
They run into constant discriminati庚贴
on in trying to find a job or friend.
在寻找⼯作和结交朋友⽅⾯，他们不断地遇到歧视。
Living in gigs means having one room in someone's hou.
寄居的意思是在别⼈的家⾥借住⼀间房间。
⼆、动名词的作⽤：
1.动名词作主语：
动名词作主语谓语动词⼀般⽤单三形式。
Reading is an art. 读书是⼀种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬⼭真是有趣。
Working in the conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种⼯作条件下⼯作不是⼀件愉快的事⽽是⼀件痛苦的事。
*多个动名词短语并列作主语的时候，如果叙述的是⼀件事谓语动词是单数，如果是两件事谓语动词是复数形式。Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.
哭泣和哀号对解决问题没有帮助。
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早起早睡是⼀个好习惯。
Lying and stealing are not right. 说谎和偷东西都不对。
Watching TV and reading books are really interesting. 看电视和读书真的很有趣。
（1）直接位于句⾸做主语。
Swimming is a good sport in summer. 游泳是很好的夏季运动。
（2）⽤it作形式主语，动名词作为真实主语后置：
It（形式主语）+ is + n. / adj. + （真实主语）：
（u, fun, joy, better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, uless, nless, worth…）
It is no u telling him not to worry. 告诉他别担⼼也没有⽤。
It is no u/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆⽔难收
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的⼈加⼊真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩⼦们⼀起玩真好。
注意：important，esntial，necessary 等形容词不能⽤于上述结构。
（3）⽤于“There be”结构中。
There is no saying when he'll come. 很难说他何时回来。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
（4）⽤于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking（=No smoking is allowed (here) ）. 禁⽌吸烟。
No parking. 禁⽌停车
（5）动名词的复合结构作主语。
当动名词有⾃⼰的逻辑主语时，常可以在前⾯加上⼀个名词或代词的所有格（做动名词的逻辑主语），构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们来帮助我们是很⼤的⿎励。（6
Smoking is not good for health. 吸烟危害健康。
It is not good for you to smoke so much. 吸这么多烟对你⾝体不好。
2) 在“It is ”，“It is ”，“It ”，“It is a waste ”等句型中，通
常⽤动名词作真实主语：
It is no u/no good/a waste of time talking about that. 说也没有⽤。
⽽不⽤：It is no u/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3) 在疑问句中，通常⽤动名词的复合结构，⽽不⽤不定式的复合结构作主语：
Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你说的对他有⽤吗？
⽽不⽤：Does for you to say that mean anything to him?
4关于诚信的议论文
) 在“There be”句型中，只能⽤动名词，⽽不能⽤不定式作主语：
There is no telling what will happen. 谁也不知道会发⽣什么。
=It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5) 当句⼦中的主语和表语都是⾮限定性动词时，主语和表语在形式上要求统⼀：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
=To e is to believe.
2.动名词作宾语：
动名词既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语：
They went on walking and never stopped talking.
We are thinking of making a new plan.
（1）做动词的宾语（v + doing sth.）：
1)只能
．．．的动词和短语
．．．．．．：
．．．接．不定式
．．．．．．．．．．．）．，不能
．．接．动名词作宾语
．．．．．．（．v + doing sth.
依靠；
think of/about考虑；worry about 担⼼；accustom to习惯于；
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续⾛，说个不停。
I suggest solvi说话最多打一成语
ng this problem in a different way. 我建议⽤不同⽅法解决这个问题。
Did he admit breaking the va? 他承认花瓶是他打破的吗？
He objected to being treated as a child. 他反对被像孩⼦⼀样对待。（被动形式）
I can't help laughing. 我忍不住⼤笑起来。
2)既可接动词山药玉米粥
不定式，⼜可接动名词，表达的含义基本相同，可以互换（attempt, begin, cea,
continue, intend, omit, start, cannot bear, decline, disdain, loathe, neglect, commence…）They cead talking / to talk. 他们停⽌说话。
Prices will continue to ri / rising. 物价将继续上扬。
What do you intend to do / doing next? 你下⼀步打算⼲什么？
3)既可接动名词，⼜可接不定式，表达的含义略有变化：（hate, like, love, prefer, dread, start,
begin, continue…）
动名词作宾语（doing）：泛指或抽象动作，表⽰经常性和习惯性的动作。
不定式作宾语（to do）：特指或具体动作，表⽰近期内将发⽣或者⼀次的动作。
He hates getting up early on Sundays. 周⽇时他不喜欢早起．（经常习惯）
She hates to get up early this morning. 今天早上她不想起来很早．（具体动作）
Would you like to go with me？你想跟我⼀起⾛吗？
注意：应尽量避免接连出现两个以上动词-ing形式。
I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。
避免说：I am starting learning Russian.
4)⼀些动词既可接动名词，⼜可接不定式，但意义上完全不同
．．．．．．．
+ d长枪图片
oing sth. + to do sth.
Regret/forget remember
后悔/忘记/记得
做某事（已经做了）
后悔/忘记/记得
做某事（还没做）
try 尝试做某事努⼒做某事
admit 承认做过某事允许去做某事
be afraid (of)不情愿做某事害怕做某事
stop 停⽌做某事停下来，去做另⼀件事go on 继续做同⼀件事继续去做另⼀件事
mean 意味着…打算做某事need/require/want 主语是“物”，表被动主语是“⼈”，表主动
I remember doing this exerci. 我记得做过这个练习。
I must remember to do this exerci. 我必须记着要做这个练习。
I tried opening the window again. 我再⼀次试着打开窗户。
He tried to finish the work ahead of time. 他设法提前完成这件⼯作。
He admitted stealing the wallet. 他承认偷了钱包。
The teacher admits him to go. ⽼师允许他离开。
She was afraid of waking her husband. 她⽣怕吵醒她丈夫。
He is afraid to touch the snake. 他不敢碰那条蛇。
When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.
⽼师进来时，学⽣们停⽌讲话。
Hearing the doll bell, she stopped to open the door.
听见门铃，她停下⼿中的活去开门。
Let's go on studying Lesson 6. 让我们继续学第六课。(说明已学了第六课的⼀部分)
Let's go on to study Lesson 6.让我们接着学第六课。(说明前⾯已学了第五课)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.误了这趟⽕车意味着再等⼀⼩时
I mean to come early today. 我打算今天早些来。
I need to wash my clothes. 我需要洗洗⾐服。
My clothes need washing. 我的⾐服需要洗洗。
5)使役动词Make/have/let sb. do sth.，（省略to的不定式）意为：让某⼈做某事：
The teacher made him wait outside. ⽼师让他在外⾯等。（主动语态）
He was made to wait outside. 他在外⾯等。（被动语态）
*也有make/have sb. doing sth. 的结构，意为：让某⼈⼀直做某事，强调动作的持续性。The boss made the workers working from dawn to dark.
⽼板让⼯⼈们从黎明⼀直⼯作到天⿊。)
**另外还有make/have sth. done的结构，意为：别⼈帮助完成某事：
He made/have his bike repaired. 他让⼈帮他修理⾃⾏车。
（2）作介词的宾语：
1)v + prop. + doing：
The rain prevented us from completing the work. 下⾬妨碍我们完成⼯作。
She complains of the book being too difficult. 她抱怨这本书太难。
2)adj. + prop. + doing：
I know who is responsible for breaking the window. 我知道窗户是谁打开的。
3)n. + prop. + doing：
There are many ways of doing it. 有许多⽅法可以做这件事。
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.
我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始⼲活？
4)there be和it is也可变为动名词there being 和it being与介词连⽤：
The car stooped becau of there being no fuel in the tank.
因为油箱⾥没有油，所以汽车停了下来。
5)prop. + doing 也可在句中作状语，表⽰时间、条件等：
On leaving school, he went into business. ⼀离开学校，他就投⾝到商业中去了。（3）作形容词的宾语：
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲⼦很值得多听⼏遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.
我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
3.动名词作表语：
（1）动名词作表语，主语常是表⽰⽆⽣命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表⽰主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时，要注意保持两个动词在形式上的⼀致。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
（=Cleaning the windows is your task.）
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别⼈嘲笑。
（=Being laughed at is what I hate most.）
The most popular pastime is playing chess. 最⼤众化的消遣是下棋。
（=The most popular pastime is to play chess.）
（2
His job is teaching English. 他的⼯作是教英语。（长期的）
His job is to clean the classroom this week. 他的⼯作是这周清扫教室。（具体的）（3
His job is raising pigs. = Raising pigs is his job. 他的⼯作是养猪/养猪是他的⼯作。This movie was exciting. 这部电影很精彩。
4.动名词作定语：
（1）动名词作定语往往表⽰被修饰词的某种⽤途或性能：
a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is ud for walking
