中文资料
工业过程控制系统和协同控制系
80年代早期，随着为HERA(Hadron-Elektron-Ring-Anlage)加速器安装低温控制系统，德国电子同步加速器研究所普遍开始研究过程控制。这项新技术是必需的，因为但是现有的硬件没有能力来处理标准过程控制信号，如4至20毫安的电流输入和输出信号。而且软件无法在0.1秒的稳定重复率下运行PID控制回路。此外，在实现对复杂的低温冷前滑步
藏系统的开闭过程中，频率项目显得尤为重要。
有必要增加接口解决总线问题并增加运算能力，以便于低温控制。因为已安装的D / 3系统[1] 只提供了与多总线板串行连接，以实现DMA与VME的连接并用其模拟多总线板的功能。温度转换器的计算功能来自一个摩托罗拉MVME 167 CPU和总线适配器，以及一个MVME 162 CPU。其操作系统是VxWorks，而应用程序是EPICS。
市场调查表明：来自GSE的D / 3系统被HERA低温冷藏工厂选中。因为集散控制系统（D/ 3）的特性，所以这决定很不错。在展示端和I / O端扩展此系统的可能将有助于解决日益增加的
HERA试验控制的要求。制约系统的大小的因素不是I / O的总数，通信网络的畅通与否。而通信网络的畅通与否取决于不存档的数据总量，不取决于报警系统中配置的数据。
在德国电子同步加速器研究所，EPICS从问题解决系统演化成了全集成控制系统。从成为低温控制系统的数据收集器和数量控制器，EPICS成为了德国电子同步加速器研究所公用事业集团使用的核心系统。此外，通过 Industry Pack（IP）模块的手段，它还能运用于通过VME板卡的任何数据。EPICS通过其完整的功能，运用于没有由D / 3系统控制的低温冷藏系统。所有大约50个输入输出控制器运作大约25000业务处理记录。
该公共事业组（水，电，压缩空气，加热和调温）使用各种散布在整个德国电子同步加速器研究所网站上的PLC。IOC向客户提供接口并采集数据。此外，如通道归档和图形显示（dm2k） 会被使用。默认名决议和目录服务器（域名服务器）用于连接 在TCP客户端和服务器应用程序。所有这些都是基本的SCADA功能。所有的配置文件（图形工具，报警处理程序和归档）提供了一种灵活的配置方案。德国电子同步加速器研究所公用事业集团已制定了一套工具来创建IOC数据库和配置文件。这样，控制组提供的服务保持EPICS工具，而用户可以精力集中在被控制的设备上了。
作为SCADA系统的基本组成部分，EPICS还提供完整的输入输出控制器（IOC）。IOC提供所有功能DCS系统要求，如：实施每个记录的标准的属性；执行每个记录时的报警检查过程；控制记录，如PID。灵活的命名方案，默认的显示和每个记录的报警属性缓和了运作工具和IOC之间的连接。灵活的数据采集模式，支持调查模式以及发布订阅模式。后者大大降低了信息拥堵的情况。
PLC’s同样提供丰富的功能，因为以前它是独一无二的控制系统。此外，定期执行一个确定功能的基本特征也让他们通过以太网通信，包括内置的HTTP服务器和不同集合的通讯方案。除了通信处理器，显示器能和PLC’s连接。
外文资料
INDUSTRIAL AND COLLABORATIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS
-A COMPLEMENTARY SYMBIOSIS
Process controls in general started at DESY in the early 80th with the installation of the cryogenic control system for the accelerator HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ring-Anlage). A ne
w technology was necessary becau the existing hardware was not capable to handle standard process controls signals like 4 to 20mA input and output signals and the software was not designed to run PID control loops at a stable repetition rate of 0.1 conds. In addition quence programs were necessary to implement startup and shutdown procedures for the complex cryogenic process like cold boxes and compete compressor streets.
Soon it was necessary to add interfaces to field bus and to add computing power to cryogenic controls. Since the installed D/3 system[1] only provided an documented rial connection on a multibus board, the decision was made to implement a DMA connection to VME and to emulate the multibus board’s functionality. The necessary computing power for temperature conversions came from a Motorola MVME 167 CPU and the field bus adapter to the in hou SEDAC field bus was running on an additional MVME 162. The operating system was VxWorks and the application was the EPICS toolkit.
Since this implementation was successful it was also implemented for the utility controls which were looking for a generic solution to supervi their distributed PLC’s.
EPICS has emerged at DESY from a problem solver to a fully integrated control system. Starting from the data collector and number cruncher for the cryogenic control system, EPICS made it’s way to become the core application for the DESY utility group. In addition it is ud wherever data is available through VME boards or by means of Industry Pack (IP) modules. For tho cryogenic systems which are not controlled by the D/3 system EPICS is ud with it’s complete functionality. In total about 50 Input Output Controller (IOC) are operational processing about 25 thousand records.
EPICS as a SCADA System
The utility group ( water, electrical power, compresd air, heating and air conditioning) is using a variety of PLC’s spread out over the whole DESY site. EPICS is ud to collect the data from the PLC’s over Profibus (FMS and DP) and over Ethernet (Siemens H1 and TCP). The IOC’s provide the interfaces to the bus and collect the data. The built in alarm checking of the EPICS records is ud to store and forward alarm states to the alarm handler (alh) of the EPICS toolkit. In addit做小生意
ion tools like the channel archiver and the
graphic display (dm2k) are ud. The default name resolution (by UDP broadcast) and the directory rver (name rver) are ud to connect
client and rver applications over TCP. All of the are basically SCADA functions.
The textual reprentation of all configuration files ( for the IOC, the graphic tool, the alarm handler and the archiver) provides a flexible configuration scheme. At DESY the utility group has developed a t of tools to create IOC databas and alarm configuration files from Oracle. This way the controls group provides the rvice to maintain the EPICS tools and the IOC’s while the urs can concentrate on the equipment being controlled.
EPICS as a DCS System
Besides the basic components of a SCADA system EPICS also provides a向上向善好青年
full flavoured Input Output Controller (IOC). The IOC provides all of the function a DCS system requires, such as: a standard t of properties implemented in each record, built in alarm
checking procesd during the execution of each record; control records like PID etc.; configuration tools for the processing engine. The flexible naming scheme and the default display and alarm properties for each record ea the connection between the operator tools and the IOC’s. The flexible data acquisition supports the poll mode as well as the publish subscribe mode. The latter reduces the traffic drastically.
