常用数学术语(英语)

更新时间:2023-04-23 21:21:36 阅读: 评论:0


2023年4月23日发(作者:现代艺术之父)

常用数学术语(英语)

简介:本文收录了GRE考试之数学术语部分,基本能满足大部分的应用需求,

能有效丰富英语的专业词汇。

代数部分

1.有关数学运算

addplus

divisible可被整除的被整除被除数,红利

quotient

gn,rootsign根号 roundto四舍五入四舍五入

2.有关集合

union并集 subt真子集 t解集

有关代数式、方程和不等式

algebraic term代数项 terms,similar terms同类项 coefficient数字

系数 coefficient字母系数不等式 triangle inequality三角不等

值域 equation原方程 equation同解方程,等价

方程inear equation线性方程(e.g.5

有关分数和小数

proper fraction fraction number

fractioncommon fraction fraction

fraction

denominator(最小)公分母四分之一imal fraction

小数 decimal无穷小数 decimal循环小数十分位

5.基本数学概念

arithmetic mean算术平均值 average加权平均值 mean几何

平均数指数,幂乘幂的底数,底边立方数,立方体

root平方根cuberoot立方根 logarithm常用对数数字

nt常数变量 inverfunction反函数 function

函数一次的,线性的 factorization因式分解 value绝对值,e.g.

-32=32 off四舍五入

有关数论

natural number number number

dd integer,odd number integer,even number

number whole number

whole number number

lnumber,rational number实数,有理数无理数

number e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15…… number

e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意:所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数,但奇数不一定是质

reciprocal divisor

multiple(最小)公倍数)因子 factor

因子 十进制非负的十位

个位众数中数 ratio公比

数列

arithmetic progression(quence)等差数列 progression(quence)等比数

)

序数directproportion正比不同的估计,近似

括号 proportion比例排列组合

function三角函数单位,

几何部分

1.所有的角

alternate angle angle angle

angle angle angle

aryangles补角 aryangle余角 angle邻角

ute angle angle angle round angle

angle平角 angle夹角

所有的三角形

equilateral triangle等边三角形 triangle不等边三角形 triangle

腰三角形 triangle直角三角形斜三角形 triangle内接三

角形

3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外

micircle半圆

concentric circles同心圆四边形五边形六边形

七边形八边形九边形十边形

多边形平行四边形等边形平面正方

形,平方长方形 polygon正多边形菱形

梯形

其它平面图形

arc line线 gment线 lines线

of a circle弧形

有关立体图形

cube立方体,立方数 solid长方体 solid/regular历史上的张飞 polyhedron

多面体 cylinder圆柱体圆锥球体d立体的

有关图形上的附属物

altitude深度side边长周长弧度

area 表面积体积直角三角形的股 sction横截

of acircle chord bictor线

对角线直径 face of a solid立体的面

斜边 side夹边三角形的直角边 medianofatriangle三角形的中线

底边,底数(e.g.25次方,2就是底数)直角三角形中的对边

中点端点复数形式vertices)顶点切线的

截线截距

有关坐标

coordinate system坐标系 coordinate直角坐标系原点issa

横坐标 纵坐数轴斜率

plane复平面

其它

plane geometry平面几何三角学平分外切

内切 相交垂直 theorem勾股

定理全等的 multilateral多边的

其它

单位类

cent美分一美分硬币美分硬币一角硬币en(12

)廿(20)摄氏华氏夸脱加仑

(1gallon=4quart) meter微米英寸英尺

(角度的度量单位,60=1) squaremeasure平方单位制立方米

品脱(干量或液量的单位)

有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业

intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366) year平年(365)

payment付款

利息 interest单利 interest复利红利

to减少到 by减少了 to增加到 by增加了

表示 price标价涨价 capita每人比率l price

零售价

A retailer l个人工作年终总结 ls a watch at $1840 and makes a profit of 15%. If he wants to double the

profit, find the new lli迅雷无法下载 ng price of the watch.

题解:

一个制造商生产正方形底的纸箱,箱顶是两块扇掩式的箱盖。底部因要加强强度

而造成双层的。每个箱的体积是12立方米。

(a) 证明C(做一个箱所需的纸板面积)=3^2 + 4xh

(b) 表达C作为只有x的函数

顺着x>0描绘C的图表

(d) (i) 什么尺寸的箱会让所需造箱的纸板面积最少化?

(ii) 用来造箱的最少纸板面积是什么?

After explaining the question, we are going to answer them as shown below:

(a) Ignor99de the fact that the top is a flap opening, the two flaps combine to form one

complete surface. Taking into account that the bottom is double-layered, that means t

he box has in total 7 surfaces.

So, we have

C = 3*x^2 (1 top + 2 bottom) + 4*x*h (4 side faces)

Therefore, C = 3x^2 + 4xh

(b) As given, the volume of the box should be 12 m^3, that means

12 = x^2*h

h = 12/x^2

Put into C, then C = 3x^2 + 4x(12/x^2)

Simplify, we get C = 3x^2 + 48/x

Sorry, I do not know how to upload pictures here! (But this should not be difficult!)

For your easy foll关于读书的小报 owing, make the following table and plot the points accordingly:

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

C Inf. 51 36 43 60 84.6 116

(From the graph, we could already e that the minimum C occurs at around x=2.)

(d) I am not sure whether you have learn differentiation or not. Anyway, if you have n

ot learnt calculus yet, you could make u of the graph in so that you should alread

y find that C is minimum at x=2 and the corresponding minimum area is 36 m^3.

By differentiation, 雪白的什么填词语

dC/dx = 6x 48/x^2

For turning points, dC/dx = 0

That means, 6x 48/x^2 = 0

1d046x^3 48 = 0

x^3 = 8

x = 2 (C is maximum or minimum at x =2)

Checking d^2C/dx^2 = 6 + 96/x^3 > 0 (for x = 2),

so C is minimum at x=2.

So, the minimum area C occurs at x=2,

and Cmin = 3(2)^2 + 48/(2) = 12 + 24 = 36 m^3.

A fishing boat broke down after traveling 2 hours against a 4km/h current. The boat w

as carried back to its staring point by the current. the whole trip took 5.5 hours. Find t

he speed of the boat in still water before the motor failed.

Two cars leave town at the same time traveling in opposite directions. One travels 51

mi/h and the other travels 45 mi/h. In how many hours will they be 432 miles apart?

Sally had关羽怎么死的 a third again as many as David,who had a third as many again as Lucy. Alto

gether they had 111. How many did David have?

David have 36

a third as many again as ,a third again as many as 都是一个意思:4/3

a thrid 1/3 的意思.但是a third as many again as ,a third again as many as 都是一

个意思:4/3 !多了一个again 意思是不一样的.David设为X,可以得到等式

4/3X + X + 3/4X = 111.X 就等于36


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