被动语态的构成形式

更新时间:2023-04-21 12:59:46 阅读: 评论:0


2023年4月21日发(作者:中心思想)

被动语态的构成形式

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态

的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2 has /have been done 现在完成时

All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready

to start.

3 am/is /are being done 现在进行时

A new cinema is being built here

4 was/were done 一般过去时

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5 had been done 过去完成时

By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in

Beijing.

6 was/were being done 过去进行时

A meeting was being held when I was there.

7 shall/will be done 一般将来时

Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory cl怎样流产最快 os.

8 should/would be done 过去剪彩 将来时

The news would be nt to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9 shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)

The project will have been completed before July.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。

The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语

变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

His mother gave him a prent for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a

prent by his mother for hi小知识 s birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的

主语,其余不动。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught

smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词e, watch, notice, hear, feel,

obrve等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构

时,要加to

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was en

to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也

可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省

略。

The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)

I don't like being laughed at in the public.

二、 如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使

用被动语态。

1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)

My bike was stolen last night.

2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 为了更好地安排句子。

The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by

people. (一个主语就够了)

三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say,

suppo, think等可以用于句型“Itbe+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过

去分词+to do sth.”。有:

It is said that 据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is believed that

大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周知,It is

thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议。

It is said that the boy has pasd the national exam. (=The boy is said

to have pasd the national exam.

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如 breakcatchcleandrivelockopenllread

writewash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被

动意义,主语通常是物。

This kind of cloth washes well.

注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影

响。

试比较:The door won't lock (指门本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked (指不会有人来锁门,高血压吃什么 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break

out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形

式表示被动意义。

How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste,

book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

Your reason sounds reasonable

五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义

1 needwantrequire, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,

其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

The hou needs repairingto be repaired).这房子需要修理。

2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而

worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

The picture-book is well worth reading(=The picture-book is very worthy

to be read.)

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一

名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to dothings是动宾关

系,与I是主谓关系。)

试比较:Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be poste蟹爪兰养殖方法 d? (

处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又

是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有

niceeasyfitharddifficultimportantimpossiblepleasantinteresting

等。

This problem is dif十二星座守护神 ficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me.

5 too to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意

义。

This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

6. th好看的儿童小说 ere be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,

重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。

There is no time to loto be lost).(用 to lo可看成for us to lo

to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。)

7. be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于

古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

六、介词in, on, under+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方杭州特产 位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应

动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。

1. under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受

控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under repair(在修理中), under discussion

(在讨论中), under construction(在施工中)。

The building is under construction( is being constructed).

2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有:beyond

belief (令人难以置信) beyond ones reach(鞭长莫及),beyond ones control

(无法控制),beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。

The rumour is beyo草莓果冻的做法 nd belief=cant be believed).

3.above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。

His honest character is above all prai=His honest character cannot

be praid enough

4.“for+名词”结构,表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如:for sale(出售), for

rent(出租)等。

That hou is for sale. (= That hou is to be sold).

5.“in+名词”结构 ,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有:in print(在印

刷中),in sight(在视野范围内),等。

The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)

6.“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有:on sale(出售)on show

(展出), on trial(受审)。

Today some treasures are on show in the muum (= are being showed).

7.“out of+名词”结构 表示 “超出…… 之外“,常见的有:out of control

(控制不了)out of sight (超出视线之外),out of ones reach(够不着), out of

fashion(不流行)等。

The plane was out of control (cant be controlled)

8.“within+名词”结构,“在……内、不超过……”。

He took two days off within the teacher's permission


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