2023年4月16日发(作者：幼儿园国庆节)
英国国家概况（一）（中英文版）
第一章 英国的国土与人民
第一章
Land and People
英国的国土与人民
I. Different 欧洲历史简介
Names for Britain and its Parts
英国的不同名称及其各组成部分
phical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and Engla退休职工欢送会
nd.
地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
al name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one)
and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.
不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and
Wales.
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most
populous ction.
英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the
Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh
苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：
爱丁堡。
(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff
威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫
(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.
北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。
Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that
were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries
until 1991.
英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至
1990年止已有50个成员国。
II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征
phical position of Britain:
英国的地理位置：
Britain is an island country surrounded by the a. It lies in the North Atlantic
Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is parated from the rest of Europe by
the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.
英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡
和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。
north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast
are mostly lowlands.
英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。
III. 水管牌子
Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊
为什么要吃年夜饭
Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
本尼维斯山为英国最高峰，海拔1,343米。
Severn River is the longest river in Britain (338km).
塞文河是英国最长的河流。全长338公里。
Thames River is the cond longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).
泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也是英国最重要的河。全长336公里。
Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland.
(396 square kilometres).
讷湖（内伊湖）是英国最大的湖，位于北爱尔兰。面积为396平方公里。
River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.
克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。
Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales.（1,085m）
斯诺多尼亚是威尔士的最高点，海拔1,085米。
IV. Climate 气候
1. Britain's favorable climate 英国有利的气候条件：
Britain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too
hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature
varies within a small range.
英国属于海洋性气候：冬季不过于寒冷，夏季不过于炎热。全年有稳定可靠的降雨量，气
温变化幅度小。
factors influence the climate in Britain:
影响英国气候的因素：
1）The surrounding waters tend to balance the asonal differences by heating up
the land in winter and cooling it off in summer;
环绕四周的海水。冬天，海水可使岛内气温升高，夏天则使气温降低，从而起到平衡季节
温差的作用；
2)The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the
year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperat拆胎机
ures
moderate;
一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气，使气温适名言警句大全
宜；
3）The North Atlanti中国人民征信
c Drift pass the western coast of the British Isles and warms
them.
北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。
ll 降雨量：
Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual
rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is a water surplus in the north and west,
and a water deficit in the south and east.
英国全年降雨量稳定，平均降雨量超过1000毫米。 英国北部、西部雨量过多，但是南部、
东部有所缺乏。
V. The People 人口
tion distribution 人口分布：
Britain has a population of about 57 millions and it is very unevenly distributed.
90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. The population of Britain
is made up mainly of the English (81.5%), the Scottish (9.6%), the Welsh (1.9%),
the Irish (2.4%), the Northern Irish (1.8%) and other peoples (2.8%).
英国人口约570万，分布极不均匀，90%是城市人口，只有10%是农村人口。英国人口组成
为：英格兰人（81.5%），苏格兰人（9.6%），威尔士人（1.9%），爱尔兰人、北爱尔兰人
和其他民族居民。
difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish:
英伦三岛民族的祖先：
The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.
英格兰人祖先属于盎格鲁-萨克逊人，而苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰人属于凯尔特人。
difference in character个性差别：
The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. They are music lovers and are proud
of their past.
