定语从句的关系代词

定语从句的关系代词

定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（英语：relative word）引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，下面是为大家收集的定语从句的关系代词，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

定语从句的关系代词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格who)，as等;关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用。关系词起3个作用：

1、引导定语从句。

2、代替先行词。

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

本单元学习关系代词引导的定语从句。

1. who指人，在从句中做主语

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略

Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to e.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中有的时候常用who代替，并且可以省略。如：

The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. who通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

He has a friend who father is a doctor.

I once lived in a hou who roof has fallen in.

who指物时，常用以下结构来代替：

The classroom who door is broken will soon be repaired.

→ The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book who cover is yellow?

→ Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

4. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

5. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。在定语从

句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

The number of the people that/who visit the city each year ris one million.

Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000.

It sounded like a train which/that was going under the hou.

The boy(whom/that/who)we saw yesterday was John’s brother.

The car(which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语，因此定语从句不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。如：

(误)The story(that/which)you told me it yesterday is interesting.

(正)The story(that/which)you told me yesterday is interesting.

昨天你给我讲的那个故事很有趣。

That 和which在定语从句中指物时，常常可以互换。但下面几种特殊情况，不能互换，只能用that, 不用which.

1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：

He was the first person that pasd the exam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。

2)被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

3)先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which. 例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.

这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

4)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

5)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that. 例如：

Who is the girl that is crying?

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

6)主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

关系代词

which：引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；先行词指事物

that：引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；先行词指人或事物

who：引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；先行词指人

whom：引导从句,在从句中作宾语；先行词指人

who：引导从句,在从句中作定语,先行词指人

as：引导从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语；通常用于such…as…结构

He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算话的人.(先行词指人,关系

代词who/that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语)

Is there anyone in your department who father is a teacher?你们系有个父亲是老

师的.人吗?（先行词之人,关系代词who引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作定语）

To be frank,I don’t like the movie which/that you recommend to me yesterday.

说实话,你昨天推见给我的那部影片我不喜欢.（先行词指物,关系代词which/that引导

定语从句,并在从句中作宾语）

一 定语从句中关系代词的使用

⒈ 如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who, whom, who 或that。在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that, 作宾语的一般用whom, who或that, 作定语并具有物主性质的用who。（在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略）

如：

①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.

我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。

（ 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语，不可省略）

②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to e.

这就是你想见的人。

（ 关系代词whom/ who/ that在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）

③Is there anyone in your class who home is in the northeast?

你班上有谁家在东北的？

（ 关系代词who在定语从句中作定语，不能省略）

注意：用who 还是whom ，完全根据它们本身在定语从句中的地位和作用而定，与先行词在主句中的作用无关。尤其要注意在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用。

如：

①The person who nt the letter had to pay the postage.

寄信人要付邮资。

（ who nt the letter是定语从句，修饰person， who在定语从句中作主语，因此用主格）

②He is a man who I believe is honest.

他是一个我认为诚实的人。

（ I believe是插入语，去掉该插入语剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在语法及句意上都能成立，who是定语从句中动词is的主语，故用主格，不用宾格whom.）

⒉ 如果修饰事物，用关系代词which 和that，作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which (不能省) ，而不用that（关系代词that既能代人，又能代物）。who也可用来指物（此时可用of which来代替），在定语从句中作定语。

如：

①Don’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.

不要买颜色还是青的西红柿。

( that/ which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省)

②The fish (that/ which) they ll are not fresh.

他们卖的鱼不新鲜。

（ that/ which 在定语从句中作宾语，可以省）

③The classroom who door is broken will soon be repaired.

= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

门坏了的那个教室将很快修理。

④The tool with which he is working is called a saw.

=The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.

他干活用的那个工具叫叫锯。

（介词with位于关系代词之前，须用which，不能省，也不能用that）