A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in nort

题文

A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Rearchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts becau they breathed dirtier air. China itlf made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Rearchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions. While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the rearchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachutts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique tting to answer the life expectancy question becau the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said. The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饥which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遗留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releas particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Rearchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south. The rearchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（悬浮的）particulates. In China, tho are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, nt out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern becau it can go deep into the lungs. The rearchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.小题1:The main idea of this passage is that＿·A．rearch in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancyB．the government provided free coal for heating in North ChinaC．coal burning caus bad air quality across ChinaD．a new study finds different particulates in South China小题2:According to Greenstone,＿greatly contributed to the high pollution concentrations in North China.A．power stationsB．construction sitesC．the free heating policyD．gas from vehicles小题3:It is implied in the passage that＿·A．coal is no longer ud for heating in North ChinaB．air quality was comparatively better in South ChinaC．southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980sD．people preferred to live in South China after 1980小题4:The underlined word "particulates" most probably means＿．A．dirty cloudsB．particular smokeC．harmful dustD．dangerous bacteria 题型：未知难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:A小题2:C小题3:B小题4:C

解析

这篇文章讲的是中国的研究发现空气污染缩短人的寿命。北方的人的平均寿命低于南方，就是因为北方的空气污染要比南方严重。小题1:主旨题：从全篇文章和第一段的句子：A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China.可知这篇文章讲的是中国的研究发现空气污染缩短人的寿命。选A小题2:细节题：从文章第四段的句子："This study provides a unique tting to answer the life expectancy question becau the (heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量）可知根据Greenstone 所说，免费供暖政策很大程度上导致中国北方的污染含量高的问题。选C小题3:推理题：从文章第二段的句子：Rearchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.可知中国南方的空气质量相对好一些。选B小题4:猜词题：从倒数第二段的句子：In China, tho are considered to beparticulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, nt out from sources including powerstations, construction sites and vehicles.可知"particulates" 指的是“有害的灰尘”，选C

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“A new study links he.....”主要考查你对 [健康环保类阅读 ]考点的理解。 健康环保类阅读

健康环保累阅读概念：

健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。体裁有记叙文、 说明文、议论文和各种应用文。

健康环保类文章阅读技巧：

   健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文。阅读此类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等。同时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等。科普环保类文章一般为说明文，从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：   第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用来提出文章的主题，即文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；   第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；   第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题进行归纳总结。这类文章多用一般现在时，而且一般多使用客观性词语表述。有时为了强调客观性，也常使用被动语态。   从近几年的考试题来看，科普环保类的文章越来越与人们的实际生活相接近。由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此类文章感到费解。但一般的科普类文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题。【阅读策略】 1、概要(Summarizing)：  阅完材料后，将所阅材料浓缩，摘要，做出所阅材料的书面或口头梗概。 2、组织(Organization)：  阅读后根据阅读内容，识别观点、人物、事件之间的关系以及文章的结构关系。如：时间关系、比较或对比关系、相关关系及因果关系等。