When it comes to social behaviour，mammals are in a league of their own.Some bird

题文

When it comes to social behaviour，mammals are in a league of their own.Some birds may form pairs，or even cooperate to hunt，but the complexity (复杂性) of their relationships can hardly compare to tho within a school of dolphins，a herd of elephants or a group of humans.What makes mammalian social groups different from a flock of starlings or a shoal of fish，is that in many cas the individuals could recognize each other.Although we may think that  all elephants look pretty much the same，we can easily tell individuals of our own species apart and it has become clear through studies that the same is true of other species.Dolphins have their own signature whistles that act like “names”，and elephants can recognize and greet other individuals they have known but not en for many years.This is something that only a few species of birds appear to be able to do.Mammals in complex social groups not only recognize each other as individuals，but also they remember a lot of information about that individual.Social groups often rely on this memory—such as knowing who is dominant to whom，who is related to whom，and who has done what to whom in the past.It’s like remembering who you have lent money to or done a favour for，and who hasn’t repaid that money or has talked about you behind your back.You have to learn who to trust，who your friends are，and who to watch out for.All this remembering goes on in a particular part of the brain called the neocortex (大脑皮层)．If you compare the size of a mammal’s social group with the size of this part of the brain，you will find they are remarkably cloly related.This area ems to take a long time to develop fully and animals in which it is very large take a very  long time to grow up to adulthood.During this time，the youngster has to learn all the rules of social behaviour in their group and to piece together all  the relationships between the group members：Knowledge that will be needed to avoid getting into trouble.小题1:What is special about a mammalian social group according to the passage?A．All the individuals cooperate to hunt.B．The individuals can communicate with each other.C．The individuals can recognize each other.D．The individuals form clor relationship.小题2:The passage suggests that elephants________.A．are cleverer than dolphinsB．can recognize other speciesC．may mistake a member for anotherD．have good memories小题3:Animals who area of the neocortex is large________.A．will have a long period of time before they become adultsB．will spend a shorter time learning the necessary knowledgeC．will learn the necessary knowledge much more easilyD．will have more difficulty in growing up as adults小题4:If the neocortex is larger，the animals________.A．can live a longer lifeB．have a smaller social groupC．have a larger social groupD．have a greater body size 题型：未知难度：其他题型

答案

小题1:C小题2:D小题3:A小题4:C

解析

小题1: C解析 细节理解题。由文章第一段第三句可知，哺乳动物的一大特点是，一个群体中的每个个体都能辨认出其他的个体。小题2: D解析 推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二句说明，大象如果彼此认识，即使它们多年不见，但重新见面后也能认出对方互相打招呼，这说明它们记忆力很好。小题3: A解析 细节理解题。由文章最后一段第三句可知，如果一个动物的大脑皮层很大，那么它成年所需的时间也就更长。小题4: C解析 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知，动物大脑皮层部位的大小与它群体的大小存在正相关的关系。故大脑皮层大，对应的社会群体也大。

考点

据考高分专家说，试题“When it comes to soc.....”主要考查你对 [日常生活类阅读 ]考点的理解。 日常生活类阅读

日常生活类阅读的概念：

日常生活这一话题主要涉及人们衣食住行等方面的活动。这一话题的选材主要针对人们日常的工作，生活以及学习情况。做这一类题时，最主要的是要把握好人物的活动内容，时间和地点。

日常生活类阅读题答题技巧：

【题型说明】该类文章内容涉及到人们的言谈举止、生活习惯、饮食起居、服饰仪表、恋爱婚姻、消遣娱乐、节日起源、家庭生活等。文章篇幅短小，追根溯源，探索各项风俗的历史渊源，内容有趣。命题也以送分题为主，如事实细节题、语义转换题、词义猜测题和简单推理判断题等。虽然这类文章读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来比较顺手，但绝不能掉以轻心。因为稍不留神，就会丢分。 【备考提醒】为了保证较高准确率，建议同学们做好以下几点： 1、保持正常的考试心态。笔者在教学中发现，越是容易的试题，同学们越是容易失分。为什么呢？因为在这种情况下，同学们极易产生麻痹思想，认为题目好做，就不引起高度重视，于是思维不发散、不周密。而命题人就是利用同学们的这一弱点，设计陷阱题。所以，无论试题难易与否，我们都要保持正常的考试心态。试题容易，不欣喜；试题难，不悲观。 2、根据前面讲到的方法，认认真真、细细心心做好事实细节题。 3、做好语义转换题。这类题是根据英语中一词多义和某些词语在文中能表达一定的修辞意义的原则而设计的。要求同学们解释某生词的含义，确定多义词或短语在文中的意思，确认文中的某个代词所指代的对象，或者对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语进行解释。这种题要求同学们一定要根据上下文猜测词义或理解句子，切不可望文生义。 4、做好简单推理判断题。简单推理判断题要以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。